英语词汇学——反义词.ppt

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1、反义词Antonymy[æn'tɔnɪmɪ]11级师范二班向越Antonymy——dealswithsemanticopposition语义对立Definition——Wordsthatareoppositeinmeaning（P131，para2，line1）SixClasses1）contradictoryterms矛盾=complementaries互补反义词2）contraryterms对立3）relativeterms关系4）reverseterms逆反=converses逆反反义词5）contrastedterms对比6）incompatibl

2、es互斥I.Complementaries互补反义词Definition——trulyrepresentoppositenessofmeaning.意义的对立TwoCharacteristics（1）Theassertionofoneisthedenialoftheother非此即彼（2）Nongradable无等级性1）Theassertionofoneisthedenialoftheother非此即彼.thereisnomiddlegroundbetweenthem.e.g.Alive—deadHeisalive=HeisnotdeadHeisdead

3、=Heisnotalivemale—femaleboy—girlpresent—absenttrue—falsesame—differentimperfect—perfectAB半死不活？2）Nongradable无等级cannotbeusedincomparative比较级orsuperlative最高级degreese.g.Heismoredead.(×)Heisthemostsingle.(×)cannotbemodifiedbyadverbsofintensity程度副词likeverye.g.Heisvery/extremelysingle(×)

4、II.Contraries相对反义词（gradableantonymys等级性反义词）——ascalerunningbetweentwopolesorextremes在两极中间游动的标尺Threecharacteristics⑴Gradable等级性⑵Relative相对&Subjective主观⑶Middleground中间状态1、Gradable等级性——themembersofapairdifferintermsofdegree.Thedenialofoneisnotnecessarilytheassertionoftheother.excellen

5、tgoodbadterribleSo,thesewordscanbe1.usedincomparativeandsuperlativedegrees2.modifiedbyadverbsofintensitylikeverye.g.Amanisveryrich.Amanisricherthantheother.2.Relative&Subjectivee.g.Sue’shouseisbigandMary’shouseissmall.Sue’shouseisbiggerthanMary’s.Anne’shouseisbigandSue’shouseissma

6、ll.Anne’shouseisbiggerthanSue’s.SueMaryAnneRelative相对Subjective主观However,wecanalsosaythat“Mary’shouseisrelativelybignowthanbefore,consideringthefactthatthattherearefewerpeoplelivingwithher.”主观上Mary觉得房子更大了，因为住的人少了。2.Relative&Subjective3.Middleground中间状态Adj.oldmiddle-agedyoungopenaj

7、ar半掩closerichwell-to-do小康poorhotwarmcoolcoldbeautifulgood-lookingplain平常uglyVerbLovehateattachmentlikingindifferenceantipathy依恋喜欢漠不关心反感Converse是什么？匡威？鞋子？Converse不仅仅是匡威更是……逆反反义词III.Converses逆反反义词Twokinds（1）Relationalopposites关系反义词（2）Reverseterms逆反词1.Relationalopposites关系反义词Thepair

8、sofwordsindicatesuchareciprocalso