资源描述：
《Module3.ppt》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、Module3 MitigationOptionsGeneralconsiderationsIndustryBuildingsTransportEnergysupplySolidwasteandwastewaterLand-use,land-usechangeandforestryAgricultureNote:geologicalsequestrationisnotcoveredbutisapotentiallonger-termmitigationoption.1Module3aGeneralConsiderations2TechnologyInn
2、ovationsNeeded toMitigateCO2EmissionsMoreefficienttechnologiesforenergyconversionandutilizationinallend-usesectors(transportation,industry,buildings,agriculture;powergeneration)NeworimprovedtechnologiesforutilizingalternativeenergysourceswithlowerornoGHGemissions(suchasnaturalga
3、sandrenewables)TechnologiesforCO2captureandstorage(forlarge-scaleindustrialprocesseslikeelectricpowergenerationandfuelsproduction)3TechnologyPoliciesHaveReducedthe CostofGHG-FriendlyEnergySystems200001000050001000100101001000100001000001982198719631980Windmills(USA)RD&DCommercia
4、lizationUSAJapanCumulativeMWinstalled19811983500PhotovoltaicsGasturbines(USA)US(1990)$/kW199519922002000Source:Nakicenovic,19964FacilitatingEnergyEfficiencyAlmostallcountriesexhibitdecliningenergyintensitytrendsfortheeconomicsectors;mostcountrieshavesomeinitiativestopromoteenerg
5、yefficiencyinthesesectorsTechnologyintegration,support,andfinancingrisksarehighAdoptionisdrivenbyqualityandproductivityincreasesNewinvestmentsinpower,industry,transportandbuildinginfrastructurecanbesubstantiallymoreefficientthanexistingstock;economicgrowthispoweringarapidincreas
6、einthesesectors,andassociatedemissions.Picture:CourtesyofEmersonProcessManagement5Module3bIndustry6Industry: PrimaryEnergyDemandbyRegionSince1980,industrialenergydemandhasstagnatedinindustrializedcountries,butcontinuestogrowrapidlyinmanydevelopingcountries,especiallyinAsia.Sourc
7、e:IPCC,WGIII,20027Industry:EmissionsContributionGlobally,50%ofindustryenergyconsumptionmadeupbyIron&steelChemicalsPetroleumrefiningPulp&paperCementHugevariationsbetweencountriesSmallindustriesimportantinmanydevelopingcountries.8IndustryUniqueopportunitiesforreducingGHGsbecausepr
8、ocesschangewithenergyefficiencybenefitsoftendri
