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1、VERSION2000S.L.NEITSCH,J.G.ARNOLD,J.R.KINIRY,J.R.WILLIAMS,K.W.KING2002GRASSLAND,SOILANDWATERRESEARCHLABORATORY○AGRICULTURALRESEARCHSERVICE808EASTBLACKLANDROAD○TEMPLE,TEXAS76502BLACKLANDRESEARCHCENTER○TEXASAGRICULTURALEXPERIMENTSTATION720EASTBLACKLANDROAD○TEMPLE,TEXAS76502Grassland
2、,Soil&WaterResearchLaboratory,Temple,TexasGSWRLReport02-01BlacklandResearchandExtensionCenter,Temple,TexasBRCReport02-05Published2002byTexasWaterResourcesInstitute,CollegeStation,TexasTWRIReportTR-191ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSTheSWATmodelisacontinuationofthirtyyearsofnon-pointsourcemodeling
3、.InadditiontotheAgriculturalResearchServiceandTexasA&MUniversity,severalfederalagenciesincludingtheUSEnvironmentalProtectionAgency,NaturalResourcesConservationService,NationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministrationandBureauofIndianAffairshavecontributedtothemodel.Wealsowanttothankallt
4、hestateenvironmentalagencies(withspecialthankstoWisconsinDepartmentofNaturalResources),stateNRCSoffices(withspecialthankstotheTexasStateOffice),numerousuniversitiesintheUnitedStatesandabroad,andconsultantswhocontributedtoallaspectsofthemodel.Weappreciateyourcontributionsandlookfor
5、wardtocontinuedcollaboration.CONTENTSCHAPTER1INTRODUCTION11.1DEVELOPMENTOFSWAT31.2OVERVIEWOFSWAT6LANDPHASEOFTHEHYDROLOGICCYCLE8ROUTINGPHASEOFTHEHYDROLOGICCYCLE211.3REFERENCES24SECTION1:CLIMATECHAPTER2EQUATIONS:ENERGY312.1SUN-EARTHRELATIONSHIPS32DISTANCEBETWEENEARTHANDSUN32SOLARDEC
6、LINATION32SOLARNOON,SUNRISE,SUNSET,ANDDAYLENGTH332.2SOLARRADIATION34EXTRATERRESTRIALRADIATION34SOLARRADIATIONUNDERCLOUDLESSSKIES35DAILYSOLARRADIATION36HOURLYSOLARRADIATION37DAILYNETRADIATION382.3TEMPERATURE41DAILYAIRTEMPERATURE41HOURLYAIRTEMPERATURE42SOILTEMPERATURE42WATERTEMPERAT
7、URE472.4WINDSPEED482.5NOMENCLATURE492.6REFERENCES51CHAPTER3EQUATIONS:ATMOSPHERICWATER533.1PRECIPITATION543.2MAXIMUMHALF-HOURRAINFALL553.3WATERVAPOR553.4SNOWCOVER583.5SNOWMELT61SNOWPACKTEMPERATURE61SNOWMELTEQUATION623.6NOMENCLATURE633.7REFERENCES64CHAPTER4EQUATIONS:WEATHERGENERATOR
8、674.1PRECIPITATION68OCCURRENCEOFW
