英国国家概况总结_英语学习_外语学习_教育专区

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1、人物1KingAlfredtheGreat,849-899KingAlfredbuiltthefirstEnglishnavy•AlfredwasadevoutChristian•HedefeatedtheDanesin886zforcedthemtowithdrawtoNEthirdofEngland,andconvertedmanytoChristianity•Establishedschools&repairedmonasteries•InvitedscholarstocometoEngland•Learnedtoreadandwrit

2、eLatin&English•TranslatedScripturesintolanguageofhispeople2WilliamtheConqueror■FirstNormankingofEngland,1066-1087■EndedAnglo-SaxonrulebydefeatingKingHaroldGodwinsonatBattleofHastings,1066■Williamruledautocratically一broughtchurch&baronsunderhispersonalcontrol■ReplacedEnglish

3、bishopswithNormans■Distributedlandtorewardhisfollowers■BuiltcastlesthroughoutEnglandtocontrolhostilepopulation■BeginningsofEnglishFeudalism■Williamhadnopermanentresidence■HetravelledaroundEnglandtosurveyhisdomainanddemonstratehispower■Heheldcourt&amajorfestival3timesayearin

4、3differenttowns■Normanswereaforeignarmyofoccupation■Theybuiltmanycastlestoprotectthemselvesandcontrolthepopulation■KingWilliamorderedasurveyofland&propertyinEnglandin1085■Heusedittosettaxes÷largeestatesamonghisfollowers■Anglo-Saxonnobilitymostlykilledorfled■Anglo-Saxo

5、ncommonersmostlybecameserfs■KepttheirownIanguage&manyoftheircustoms■3IanguagesinEngland:French(spokenbynobility),OldEnglish/Anglo-Saxon(commoners),Latin(scholars&church)■Someoppression,thenintermingling■Normans&Anglo-Saxonsgraduallybecameunitedpeople2ThomasBecket-此人开始和国王一起，

6、吃喝嫖赌。最厉为了巩固国王在教会的地位被任命为主教。然后受到了上帝的感化，改邪归正。为上帝而战而非王权。和国王翻脸。在祷告是被儿个贵族刺死。人们追他为圣人。对国王的行为很不满。最后国王认错。表示口己酒后之言并非真心。他的事迹被收到一本书中。GeoffreyChaucer;CanterburyTales,14001KingEdward1,1272-1307■Greatimperialist■Son&successorofHenryIII■ConqueredWales,1277-1283■Eldestson&heirgiventitlePrinc

7、eofWales■BuiltmanycastlesalongWelshborder■DevotedmostofhisreigntoconqueringScotiand■EdwardIinvadedScotland1296■WilliamWallace(Braveheart)opposedhim■Wallaceknownforgreatstrength&courage2JohnWycliffe&theLollards■Oxfordprofessor■Challengedcorruption&somebeliefsofRomanCatholicc

8、hurch■Movementdiverseandincreasinglyradical■LollardspreachedequalityofmenbeforeGod