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1、Cottagepie(英国)EtymologyHistoryInearlycookerymeansofusinganykind,andthemashedpotatoasmashedpotatoThetermappearuntilhasbeenusedThetermcottagepiewasinuseby1791zwhenthepotatowasbeingintroducedasanediblecropaffordableforthepoor(cf・"cottage"meaningamodestdwellingforrur
2、alworkers).books,thedishwasaleftoverroastedmeatofpiedishwaslinedwithwellashavingacrustontop."shepherd'spie"didnot1877,andsincethenitsynonymouslywith"cottagepie"zregardlessofwhethertheprincipaIingredientwasbeeformutton.Morerecently,theterm"shepherd'spie"hasbeenuse
3、dwhenthemeatislamb,thetheorybeingthatshepherdsareconcernedwithsheepandnotcattle(seefolketymology)・VariationsASt.Stephen'sDaypieismadeusingturkeyandham.[18]TheCumberlandpieisaversionwithalayerofbreadcrumbontop.[19]AsimilarEnglishdishmadewithfishisafishpie.Avegetar
4、ianversion(occasionallynamed[bywhom?]"ShepherdlessPie"orFarmer'sPie)canbemadeusingsoyaorothermeatsubstitutes(liketofuorQuorn),orlegumessuchaslentilsorchickpeas・InArgentina,Bolivia,Chile,NicaraguaandUruguay,asimilardishiscalled"pasteldepapa"(potatopie)orpasteldeca
5、me(meatpie).TheChileanversionincludesmincedmeat,mincedandfriedonions,blackolives,raisinsandhard-boiledeggs・IntheDominicanRepublicandPuertoRicothisiscalledpastelondepapa(potatocasserole),ithasalayerofpotatoes,oneortwoofmeat,andanotherofpotatoes,toppedwithalayerofc
6、heese・Thisiscalled"Yaroa"inDominicanRepublicandisusuallysweeterthanotherversionsbecausetheyeithercanusepotatoes,sweetplantainoryucca・InFrance,asimilardishiscalledhachisParmentier.InJordan,Syria,PalestineandLebanonasimilardishisreferredtoas”SiniyetBatata"(literall
7、ymeaningaplateofpotatoes),or"KibbetBatata”.InQuebec,asimilardishiscalledpatechinois(literally,"Chinesepaste"),whichcontainsalayerofcombetweenthemeatandthepotato・InEnglish-speakingCanada,thetraditionalBritishshepherd'spieprevails・InRussia,asimilardishiscalled"KapT
8、O巾e/ibHa只3aneKaHKa"(KartofeI'nayazapekank可or"potatobakedpudding”)・InPortugalasimilardishiscalled"Empadao",withtwolayersofmashedpotatoesandalayerofmincedbeefinb
