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1、TransportprotocolsinmulticastviasatelliteInawidevarietyofbroadbandapplications,thereisaneedtodistributeinformationtoapotentiallylargenumberofreceiversitesthatarcwidelydispersedfromeachother.Communicationsatellitesareanaturaltechnologyoptionandareextremelywellsuite
2、dforcarryingsuchservicesbecauseoftheinherentbroadcastcapabilityofthesatellitechannel.Despitethepotentialofsatellitemulticast,thereexistslittlesupportformulticastservicesoversatellitenetworks-AlthoughseveralmulticastprotocolshavebeenproposedforuseovertheInternet,th
3、eyarcnotoptimizedforsatellitenetworks.Oneofthekeymulticastcomponentsthatisaffectedwhensatellitenetworksareinvolvedinthecommunicationisthetransportlayer.Inthispaper,weattempttoprovideanoverviewofthedesignspaceandthewaysinwhichthenetworkdeploymentandapplicationrequi
4、rementsaffectthesolutionspacefortransportlayerschemesinasatelliteenvironment.Wealsohighlightsomeoftheissuesthatarccriticalinthedevelopmentofnextgenerationsatellitemulticastservices.LIntroductionInawidevarietyofbroadbandapplications,suchassoftwareupdates,distribute
5、dcomputing,andmultimediacontentdistribution,thereisaneedtodistributeinformationtoapotentiallylargenumberofreceiversitesthatarcwidelydispersedfromeachother・Communicationsatellitesareanaturaloptionforthisbecauseoftheinherentbroadcastcapabilityofthesatellitechannel.A
6、lso,asatellite-basedinfrastructurecan,inmanyeases,beestablishedtoofferwidespreadserviceprovisionwithgreatereaseandsimplicitythananinfrastructurebasedonterrestrialbroadbandlinks,whenthelatterisnotavailable・Hence,whilemuchofthebroadbandcommunicationtodayiscarriedvia
7、terrestriallinks,satelliteswillcometoplayagreaterandmoreimportantrole,especiallyforpoint-to-multipointservices-Next-generationsatellitecommunicationsystemsutilizinghigherfrequencybandssuchastheKa-band,spot-beamtechnologyandon-boardprocessingarccurrentlyunderdevelo
8、pment□Ka-bandisverydesirableforsatellitecommunicationsystems,becauseitoffersabundantbandwidth・Theuseofspot-beamandon-boardprocessingtechnologiesenableth
