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1、本文摘自:《Machinist》MechanicalDesignandDeve;opmentAbstract:Amachineisacombinationofmechanismsandothercomponentswhichtransforms,transmits.Examplesareengines,turbines,vehicles,hoists,printingpresses,washingmachines,andmoviecameras.Manyoftheprinciplesandmethodsofdesignthatapplytomach
2、inesalsoapplytomanufacturedarticlesthatarenottruemachines.ThetermHmechanicaldesign11isusedinabroadersensethan"machinedesign"toincludetheirdesign,themotionandstructuralaspectsandtheprovisionsforretentionandenclosureareconsiderationsinmechanicaldesign.Applicationsoccurinthefield
3、ofmechanicalengineering,andinotherengineeringfieldsaswell,allofwhichrequiremechanicaldevices,suchasswitches,cams,valves,vessels,andmixers.Keywords:MechanicalDesignmechanismsDesignProcessTheDesignProcessDesigningstartswithaneedreal.Existingapparatusmayneedimprovementsindurabili
4、ty,efficiency,weight,speed,orcost.Newapparatusmaybeneededtoperformafunctionpreviouslydonebymen,suchascomputation,assembly,orservicing・WiththeobjectivewhollyorpartlyInthedesignpreliminarystage,shouldallowtodesignthepersonnelfullytodisplaythecreativity,noteachkindofrestraint.Eve
5、nifhashadmanyimpracticalideas,alsocaninthedesignearlytime,namelyinfrontoftheplanblueprintiscorrected・Onlythen,onlythendoesnotsendtostopsuptheinnovationthementality.Usually,mustproposeseveralsetsofdesignproposals,thenperformthecomparison.Hasthepossibilityverymuchintheplanwhichf
6、inallydesignated,hasusedcertainnotinplansomeideaswhichaccepts.Whenthegeneralshapeandafewdimensionsoftheseveralcomponentsbecomeapparent,analysiscanbegininearnest.Theanalysiswillhaveasitsobjectivesatisfactoryorsuperiorperformance,plussafetyanddurabilitywithminimumweight,andacomp
7、etitivecost.Optimumproportionsanddimensionswillbesoughtforeachcriticallyloadedsection,togetherwithabalancebetweenthestrengthsoftheseveralcomponents-Materialsandtheirtreatmentwillbechosen.Theseimportantobjectivescanbeattainedonlybyanalysisbasedupontheprinciplesofmechanics,sucha
8、sthoseofstaticforreactionforcesandfortheoptimumutilizationoff
