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1、Siliconmicroprocessorshavebeentheheartofthecomputingworldformorethan40years.Inthattime,microprocessormanufacturershavecrammedmoreandmoreelectronicdevicesontomicroprocessors・InaccordancewithMooredLaw,thenumberofelectronicdevicesputonamicroprocessorhasdoubledevery18months・Moo
2、re^LawisnamedafterIntelfounderGordonMoore,whopredictedin1965thatmicroprocessorswoulddoubleincomplexityeverytwoyears.ManyhavepredictedthatMoore'sLawwillsoonreachitsendbecauseofthephysicallimitationsofsiliconmicroprocessors.Thecurrentprocessusedtopackmoreandmoretransistorsont
3、oachipiscalleddeep-ultravioletlithography(DUVL),whichisaphotography-liketechniquethatfocuseslightthroughlensestocarvecircuitpatternsonsiliconwafers.DUVLwillbegintoreachitslimitaround2005,Atthattime,chipmakerswillhavetolooktoothertechnologiestocrammoretransistorsontosilicont
4、ocreatemorepowerfulchips.Manyarealreadylookingatextreme-ultravioletlithography(EUVL)asawaytoextendthelifeofsiliconatleastuntiltheendofthedecade.EUVLusesmirrorsinsteadoflensestofocusthelight,whichallowslightwithshorterwavelengthstoaccuratelyfocusonthesiliconwafe匚BeyondEUVL,r
5、esearchershavebeenlookingatalternativestothetraditionalmicroprocessordesign.TwoofthemoreinterestingemergingtechnologiesareDNAcomputersandquantumcomputers・DNAcomputershavethepotentialtotakecomputingtonewlevels,pickingupwhereMoorersLawleavesoff.Thereareseveraladvantagestousin
6、gDNAinsteadofsilicon:Aslongastherearecellularorganisms,therewillbeasupplyofDNAmakesitacheapresource・Unliketraditionalmicroprocessors,whicharemadeusingtoxicmaterials,DNAbiochipscanbemadecleanly.DNAcomputersaremanytimessmallerthantodayscomputers.DNA，skeyadvantageisthatitwillm
7、akecomputerssmaller,whileatthesametimeincreasingstoragecapacity,thancomputerthathascomebefore・OnepoundofDNAhasthecapacitytostoremoreinformationthanalltheelectroniccomputerseverbuilt.Thecomputingpowerifateardrop-sizedDNAcomputer,usingtheDNAlogicgates,willbemorepowerfulthanth
8、eworldsmostpowerfulsupercompute匚Morethan10-trillionDNAmoleculescanfitintoanareanol
