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1、2019-2020年高考英语语法精讲精练精析-定语从句一、概念在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句称为定语从句。Theoldmanwho/whom/thatwevisitedyesterdayisafamousartist.其中所饰名词即theoldman称为先行词,引导定语从句并在其中充当句子一个成分的词称为关系词(如上句中的who/whom/that)。关系词的用法与选择须考虑它在定语从句中的成分。下面分类讲解它们的用法。二、用法定语从句常用引导词有:that,which,who,whose,as,where,when,w
2、hy。1.that指人或物,作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略)IlikethebooksthatwerewrittenbyLuXun.Thestudentthatwonthefirstprizeisourmonitor.2.which指物,作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略)Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear.Isthisthelibrary(which)youborrowbooksfrom?3.who指人,作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略)Themanwhovisitedourschoolyes
3、terdayisMrBrown.HeisthemanwhoIwanttoworkwith.4.whose指人或物,作定语,表示“……的”,可转换为“of+关系代词”。MissWangistakingcareofthechildwhoseparentshavegonetoBeijing.Isawsometreeswhoseleaveswereblack.5.注意that和which的区别(1)先行词为不定代词everything,little,much,all,anything,nothing,something,no,so
4、me,any,few,one等时,关系代词只能用that。Wearewillingtodoanythingthatisgoodtothepeople.(2)先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时,用that。Thisisthebestbook(that)I'veeverread.(3)先行词被序数词或者theonly(唯一的),thevery(正是那个),thelast修饰时,用that。ThefirstbookthatIreadlastnightwasanEnglishnovel.(4)如果有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时
5、,定语从句的关系代词只能用that。Weknownothingaboutthedoctorsandthehospitalsthatyouaretalkingabout.(5)以疑问词(who,which,what)开头的疑问句,为避免重复,用that。Whichisthebookthatyouborrowedfromthelibrary?(6)关系代词放在介词之后,指物时只能用which,不能用that。Thisisthefactoryinwhichweonceworked.(7)非限制性定语从句中,指代物或一种情况时,用
6、which,不能用that。Thisisthebook,whichiswrittenbyLuXun.Thebabywasill,whichmadethemotherveryworried.6.关系副词when引导定语从句修饰表示时间的先行词,在定语从句中充当时间状语。Nextmonth,whenyou'llspendyoursummerholidaysinyourhometown,isapproaching.7.关系副词where引导定语从句修饰表示地点的先行词,在定语从句中充当地点状语。Sheisgoingtolivei
7、nMacao,whereshehassomeclosefriends.8.关系副词why引导限定性定语从句修饰先行词reason,在定语从句中充当原因状语。Hedidn'ttellmethereasonwhyhewassoupset.高考预测——限制性定语从句(介词+which/whom)“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句是定语从句中较复杂的一种,是我们学习定语从句的重点,也是高考的常考点。这类定语从句的关系代词主要有which和whom。先行词是物时,用介词+which;是人时,用介词+whom。介词后面的关系代词不能省略
8、。1.注意介词的选取:(1)根据介词和定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配。Icalledhimbythewrongname,forwhichIshouldapologize.Whoisthemanwithwhomyoujustshookhands?(2)根据定语从句意思的需要,不但要注意其前的搭配也要注意其后