资源描述：
《逻各斯、努斯、本原、辩证法》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库。
1、LOGOSThisarticleisaboutLogosinphilosophy,rhetoric（修辞）,linguistics,psychologyandtheology（神学）.Forthepluralof"logo",seeLogo.Forotheruses,seeLogos(disambiguation).Logos,GreekspellingLogos(Greekλόγοςlogos)isanimportantterminphilosophy,analyticalpsychology,rhetoricandreligi
2、on.Originallyawordmeaning"word,""speech,""account,"or"reason,"[1]itbecameatechnicalterminphilosophy,beginningwithHeraclitus(ca.535–475BC),whousedthetermfortheprincipleoforderandknowledge.[2]Ancientphilosophersusedthetermindifferentways,however.Thesophistsusedthetermto
3、meandiscourse,andAristotleappliedthetermto"reasoneddiscourse"[3]inthefieldofrhetoric.TheStoicphilosophersidentifiedthetermwiththedivineanimatingprinciplepervadingtheUniverse.（弥漫于宇宙之中的神圣的活动原则）AfterJudaismcameunderHellenisticinfluence,Philo(ca.20BC–AD40)adoptedthetermin
4、toJewishphilosophy.[4]TheGospelofJohnidentifiestheLogos,throughwhichallthingsaremade,asdivine(theos),[5]andfurtheridentifiesJesusastheincarnationoftheLogos.Althoughtheterm"Logos"iswidelyusedinthisChristiansense,inacademiccirclesitoftenreferstothevariousancientGreekuse
5、s,ortopost-Christianuseswithincontemporaryphilosophy,Sufism,andtheanalyticalpsychologyofCarlJung.EtymologyandlinguisticissuesInordinary,non-technicalGreek,logoshadasemanticfieldextendingbeyond"word"tonotionssuchas,ontheonehand,language,talk,statement,speech,conversati
6、on,tale,story,prose,proposition,andprinciple;andontheotherhand,thought,reason,account,consideration,esteem,duerelation,proportion,andanalogy.[1]Despitetheconventionaltranslationas"word",itisnotusedforawordinthegrammaticalsense;instead,thetermlexis(λέξις)wasused.[6]How
7、ever,bothlogosandlexisderivefromthesameverblegō(λέγω),meaning"tocount,tell,say,speak".[1][6]TheGreeksdistinguishedbetweenlogosprophorikos(theutteredword)andthelogosendiathetos(thewordremainingwithin).[citationneeded]TheStoicsalsospokeofthelogosspermatikos,whichisnotim
8、portantintheBiblicaltradition,butisrelevantinNeoplatonism.EarlytranslatorsfromGreek,likeJeromeinthe4thcentury,werefrustrated
