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1、瘫痪的定位诊断(Localizationdiagnosisofparalysis)LocalizationdiagnosisofparalysisParalysisistheinabilityofthemusclestocontractcompletely.Accordingtothedegreeofdisability,itcanbedividedintotwotypes,incompleteparalysis(paresis,musclestrengthexaminationfor1-4degrees)a
2、ndcompleteparalysis(musclestrengthis0degrees)・Therearethreecausesofparalysis:(I)neurogenicparalysis:accordingtothedamagedpartsofthemotorpathway,itisdividedinto:1.motorneuronparalysis:paralysisresultingfromlesionsofthepyramidaltractinthecorticalmotorareatoth
3、eanteriorhornofthespinalcord・Thecharacteristicsare:(1)thescopeofparalysisisextensive・Duetothereleaseofstretchreflexafterpyramidaltractinjury,theupperlimbflexorsandextensormusclesoftheextensormusclesoftheparalyzedlimbareincreased,whichiscalledspasticparalysi
4、s.Butintheacutephase(shock)hypotonia,showedflaccidparalysis・Thenormallyinhibitedtendonreflexisreleasedandtendonjerkoccurs.Theprimitivereflex,whichisnormallysuppressed,appearsagain,thatis,thepathologicalreflexispositive・Inadditiontotheparalysisafteralongilln
5、essindisuseatrophy,nomuscleatrophy.Noreactionofdegeneration6.Detection.Paralysiscausedbylesionofcorticalmotorarea,althoughparalyzedinmotorneuron,isdifferentinclinicalinanifeststions(seelater)・2.paralysisofmotorneuron:paralysiscausedbydamageofdnteriorhorn,an
6、teriorroot,nerveplexusandperipheralnerveofthespinalcord・Itscharacteristicsare:paralysisismorelimited・Duetotheinterruptionofthereflexarc,theflaccidmusclesoftheparalyzedlimbswereflaccidparalysis・Thedamageoftheefferentpathwayofreflexarcleadstothedecreaseordisa
7、ppearanceoftendonreflex・Nopathologicalreflexoccurred.Becauseoftheconductionofmotornerveobstructiontosomepartofthemusclefiberwaste,andthereleaseofacetylcholineinthedistalpartofthedecrease,resultingindecreasedsympatheticneurotrophicfunction,muscleatrophyobvio
8、us・Theelectricaltestisreactionofdegeneration.(two)myogenicparalysis:Paralysiscausedbythelesionofthemuscleitselforthejointsoftheneuromuscularjunction.(three)functionalparalysis:Hystericalparalysiscaused
