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1、植物激素及其在农业生产中的应用Planthormonesandtheirapplicationinagriculturalproduction1planthormonesandtheirapplicationinagriculturalproductionThegrowthanddevelopmentofplantsneedalargenumberofnutrients,suchaswater,inorganicsaltsandorganiccompounds,andalsohaveaspecialroleingrowth,Butithaslittleamountofa
2、ctivesubstance,whichisplanthormone・PlanthormonesareaclassofnonnutritiveorganiccompoundsthatnormallyregulateplantmetabolismandareregulatedatlowconcentrationsPhysiologicalprocessesofmatter・Hormonesusuallymovefromtheproducingsitetothesiteofactionintheplant・Sofar,fivemajorclassesofhormonesha
3、vebeenidentified:auxinIAA)gibberellin(GA),cellstimulatinghormone(CTK),abscisicacid(ABA)andethylene(ETH).Thesedifferenthormonesplayaregulatoryroleinthegrowth,differentiation,flowering,maturation,dormancy,abscissionandsenesceneeofplants・1thediscovery,distribution,andtranslocationofplanthor
4、mones1.1.1auxinThestudyofplanthormonesisfromIAAThediscoverybeganwiththediscoveryofoneoftheearliestandmoststudiedplanthormones・AsearlyastheendofthenineteenthCentury,DarwinstudiedtheorientationandcoleoptileoftherootsWhenlightisfound,themostsensitivepartofthereactiontolightandgravityisatthe
5、tip,butcausesthebendtobeatthepointofelongation,thatis,thestimulusisfromthetipPassingtothelowerpartcausingreactionandindicatingthatthetransmissionofthiseffectisduetothetransmissionofasubstance・OnethousandninehundredandeighteenBayer(Alpaol)Itwasconfirmedthatthegrowthofthecoleoptilewascontr
6、olledbyacertainswellingsubstanceattheapexofthecoleoptile,whichwaslateridentifiedasauxin.In1928,FlWlWentdemonstratedforthefirsttimethepresenceofIAAanditsrelationshipwithplantgrowth・30fromthelastcenturySincethebeginningofthe20thcentury,manyplantphysiologistsandbiochemists,suchasKoaLordNi(C
7、holodny)andThiemann(Thi2marm)SKOOG(Skoog)andplantphysiologistsinChina,LuoZongluo,XiangPeisong,TangYuwei,LouChenghouandsoon,havedonealotofphysiologicalmechanismsofplanthormonesBeneficialworkhascontributedtotheresearchanddevelopmentofplanthormones・Theroots,stems,leaves,flow
