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1、高中物理选修3-1知识点汇总Chapter1electricfield1.chargeThereareonlytwokindsofchargesinnature:positiveandnegative;theunitisKulun;thesignisC;thechargeise=l.610-19C;themethodofgeneratingchargesisfriction,electrification,contact,electrification,induction,electrification.2.lawofconservationofchargeAnelectriccharg
2、ecanneitherbecreatednordestroyed.Itcanonlybetransferredfromoneobjecttoanother,ortransferredfromonepartoftheobjecttoanother・Thetotalnumberofchargesintheprocessoftransferisconstant.3.pointchargeWhenthechargedbodyhaslittleeffectonthesizeandshapeoftheresearchquestions,thechargedbodyasapointcharge;cha
3、rgedistributionforuniformsphere,canbeconsideredtobeconcentratedinthecenterofthechargepointcharge;chargetestusuallycanberegardedasthepointcharge:pointchargeisactuallyakindofidealizedmodel,doesnotexist・4.KulunlawInvacuum,theinteractionforceoftwopointchargesisproportionaltotheproductoftheircharge,in
4、verselyproportionaltothesquareofthedistancebetweenthem,andthedirectionoftheforceontheirline;F=kQlQ2/r2,k=9109N,m/C..1.electricfieldAspecialsubstancethatexistsaroundachargedbody;apowerfuleffectonthechargeplacedtherein;anobjectiveexistence;havingthepropertiesofforceandenergy.2.electricfieldstrength
5、Theratiooftheelectricforcetothechargeoftheelectricchargeatapointintheelectricfield;E二F/q;thedirectionisthedirectionofthepositivechargeatthatpoint;thevectorfollowstheprincipleofvectoroperation;thepointchargefieldstrengthisF=kQ/r2.3.potentialDescribethenatureofelectricfieldenergy:(FAI)二Ep/q;Episthe
6、electricpotentialenergyofacharge;scalar,positiveandnegativerepresentthemagnitude;thevalueisrelatedtotheselectionofzeropotential;thegeneralchoiceiszeropotentialatinfinity・The8.potentialdifferenceTheabilitytodescribetheworkdonebyanelectricfield;UAB二WAB/q;scalar,plusorminus,indicatingthemagnitudeofa
7、nelectricpotential:alsocalledvoltage・9.electricpotentialenergyDescribethepowerofachargeinanelectricfield,thepowerofachargetodowork;Ep二(FAI)Q;scalar.9.electricfieldlineFromthepointofpositivecharge,negativechargetotheter
