资源描述：
《英语翻译蒋悟生第3版》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在工程资料-天天文库。
1、仅供参考LessonOne（4学时）InsidetheLivingCell:StructureandFunctionofInternalCellParts1.Cytoplasm:TheDynamic,MobileFactory细胞质：动力工厂Mostofthepropertiesweassociatewithlifearepropertiesofthecytoplasm.Muchofthemassofacellconsistsofthissemifluidsubstanee,whichisboundedontheoutsi
2、debytheplasmamembrane・Organellesaresuspendedwithinit,supportedbythefilamentousnetworkofthecytoskeleton.Dissolvedinthecytoplasmicfluidarenutrients,ions,solubleproteins,andothermaterialsneededforcellfunctioning.生命的大部分特征表现在细胞质的特征上。细胞质大部分由半流体物质组成，并由细胞膜（原生质膜）包被。细胞器悬浮在其
3、中，并由丝状的细胞骨架支撑。细胞质中溶解了大量的营养物质，离子，可溶蛋白以及维持细胞生理需求的其它物质。2.TheNucleus:InformationCentral（细胞核：信息中心）Theeukaryoticcellnucleusisthelargestorganelleandhousesthegeneticmaterial（DNA）onchromosomeSe（Inprokaryotesthehereditarymaterialisfoundinthenucleoid.）Thenucleusalsocontainso
4、neortwoorganelles-thenucleoli-thatplayaroleincelldivision.Apore-perforatedsaccalledthenuclearenvelopeseparatesthenucleusanditscontentsfromthecytoplasm.Smallmoleculescanpassthroughthenuclearenvelope,butlargermoleculessuchasmRNAandribosomesmustenterandexitviathepore
5、s.真核细胞的细胞核是最大的细胞器，细胞核对染色体组有保护作用（原核细胞的遗传物质存在于拟核中）。细胞核含有一或二个核仁，核仁促进细胞分裂。核膜贯穿许多小孔，小分子可以自由通过核膜，而象mRNA和核糖体等大分子必须通过核孔运输。3.Organelles:SpecializedWorkUnits（细胞器：特殊的功能单位）Alleukaryoticcellscontainmostofthevariouskindsoforganelles,andeachorganelleperformsaspecializedfunctioni
6、nthecell.Organellesdescribedinthissectionincluderibosomes,theendoplasmicreticulum,theGolgicomplex,vacuoles,lysosomes,mitochondria,andtheplastidsofplantcells・所有的真核细胞都含有多种细胞器，每个细胞器都有其特定功能。本节主要介绍核糖体，内质网，高尔基体系，液泡，溶酶体，线粒体和植物细胞中的质体。Thenumberofribosomeswithinacellmayrang
7、efromafewhundredtomanythousands.Thisquantityreflectsthefactthat,ribosomesarethesitesatwhichaminoacidsareassembledintoproteinsforexportorforuseincellprocesses.Acompleteribosomeiscomposedofonelargerandonesmallersubunit・Duringproteinsynthesisthetwosubunitsmovealongas
8、trandofmRNA,nreadingMthegeneticsequeneecodedinitandtranslatingthatsequenceintoprotein.SeveralribosomesmaybecomeattachedtoasinglemRNAstrand;suchacombinat
