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1、Leisure,FreedomandLiberalEducation休闲，自由以及自由教育1.Generallyspeaking,aliberaleducation,asthenamesuggests,isaneducationforfreedom.Asonecommentatordescribesit,“aliberaleducationoughttomakeapersonindependentofmind,skepticalofauthorityandreceivedviews,preparedtoforg
2、eanidentityforhimselforherself,andcapableofbecominganindividualnotbentuponcopyingotherpersons.”Accordingly,liberaleducationisoftenvaluedorjustifiedasameansforacquiringthecriticalthinkingskillthatarenecessarytoattainindividualautonomyaswellasformeetingthedema
3、ndsofaneverchangingworld.Giventhisimportantyetbroadpurpose,nowonderthereissuchavastarrayofsubjectsanddisciplinesthatfallwithinthepurviewofliberaleducation.一般来说，顾名思义，通才教育是一种自由的教育形式。正如一名评论家所描述的，通才教育应当使人思想独立、敢于质疑权威和别人的观点，并为自己建立一个代表自己身份的观点，并能使人有能力成为独立个体，而不是去效仿他人
4、。因此，通才教育被证明或被评价为获得批判性思维，并以获得个人的自由独立以及适应多变世界需求的一种手段。考虑到这种重要用途，毫无疑问，如此众多的学科和准则都属于通才教育的范畴。2.Whilethisunderstandingofliberaleducationastheacquisitionofcriticalthinkingskillandindividualautonomyiscurrentlyinfashion,itisnottheonlyunderstanding.Traditionally,theult
5、imatepurposeofliberaleducationhadbeenthepursuitofleisurenotcriticalthinkingskills.Whiledevelopingacriticalmindwasincludedinliberalstudies,theultimatepurposewastocultivatealifeofcontemplationthattranscendstheworkdayworld.Liberaleducationforleisuresoughttobrea
6、kthroughadisenchantedviewoftheworldandawakenwonderatmerebeing.将通才教育看作是获得批判性思维能力和个人的独立自由的观点在现在很流行，但这不是唯一的理解。传统上，通才教育的最终目的是追求自由的思想，而不是批判性思维能力。虽然发展批判性思想包括于通才教育中，但终极目标是要对生活的思考态度超越平凡的世界。追求休闲的通才教育要打破不再对世界抱有幻想的观点，并唤醒人们的好奇心。3.Tocontemporaryeras,aneducationforleisure
7、lycontemplationmaysoundnostalgic,impractical,orevenelitist.ADeweyanmightregardthepromotionofeducationforleisureasareversiontoanancientandoutdatedhierarchicalsocialstratumthatpromotesescapismandthestatusquo.Andyetthiswasneithertheintentionnortheeffectofleisur
8、einthetraditionalunderstanding.Rather,leisureinvolvedahumbleandintensepracticeofself-examinationsoastoensureagenuinefreedom.Freedom,itwasthought,wasnotsimplytheresultofcriticalthinkingbutalsoreq
