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1、定语从句讲解及练习定义:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。如:1)Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.2)YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词,叫先行词,定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that,which,who(宾格who,所有格whose)和关系副词where,when、why关系词常有三个作用:1、引导定语从句2、代替先行词3、在定语从句中担当一个成分二.关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人,在从句中做主语
2、或宾语(1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.如果先行词是anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,someone,somebody,关系代词应该用who或whom.例如:Isthereanyoneherewhowillgowithyou?2.whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedabout.关系代词whom在口语和非正式语
3、体中常用who代替,可省略。例如:Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.3.which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(which在句子中做主语)(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.(which在句子中做宾语)4.that指人时,相当于who或者whom;指物时,相当于which。(在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。)(1)Thepeoplethat/whocometovi
4、sitthecityareallhere.(在句子中做主语)(2)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?(在句子中做宾语)具体使用时还要注意下列问题:只能使用that,不用which的情况:(1)先行词是all,few,little,nothing,everything,anything等不定代词时。例如:Allthathesaidistrue.(2)先行词被only,no,any,all,等词修饰时。例如:Heistheonlyforeignerthathasbeentothatplace.(3)先行词是序数词或被序数词
5、修饰的词。例如:Hewasthesecond(person)thattoldmethesecret.(4)先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。例如:Thisisthebestbook(that)Ihavereadthisyear.(5)先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如:Hetalkedaboutthepeopleandthethingsheremembered.只用which/who,不用that的情况:(1)非限制性定语从句中,不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。例如:Theboy,whoisgoodatsoccer,comesfr
6、omXinjiang.Thatnecklace,whichyougavemeasapresent,waslostyesterday.非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明,通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开,将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立例如:CharlesSmith,whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.查理·史密斯去年退休了,他曾经是我的老师。(非限)Thereissomebodyherewhowantstospeaktoyou这里有人要和你说话(限制性)(2)which还有一种特殊用法,它可以引导从句修饰前
7、面的整个主句,代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中,which可以作主语,也可以作宾语或表语,多数情况下意思是与andthis相似,并可以指人。例如:Hedidverywellinthecompetition,whichmadehisparentsveryhappy.5.whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语(1).Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.(2).Ilivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替(3).Theclassroomwhosedo
8、orisbrokenwillsoonb