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1、定语从句语法归纳及练习一、基本概念（一）定语从句在复合句中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。（二）先行词被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。一般情况下，定语从句紧跟先行词。但也有因各种原因定语从句与先行词被分割的现象。（三）关系代词和关系副词定语从句的引导词。与先行词关系密切，因此紧跟先行词，并在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系代词冇：who,whom,which,that和whose,另外，as也可充当关系代词。关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。关系副词有：when,where和why。在定
2、语从句屮充当状语。二、关系代词的用法（一）基本用法根据先行词的不同，和在从句中所充当的成分不同，选用不同的关系代词。如下表:先行从句成关系词例句备注词分Doyouknowthemanwhoistalking主语，宾who人withyourmother?语whom,which和that在从句Mr.SmithisthepersonwithwhomI关系中做宾语吋，常可以省略，但amworking代词介词提前时后面关系代词不能whom人宾语Theboy(whom)sheloveddiedin省略，也不可以用t
3、hatthewa匸Ilikethosebookswhosetopicsareabouthistory.whose人，物定语Theboywhosefatherworksabroadismyclassmate.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.主语，宾that人，物Sheisthepopstar（that）Iwantto语seeverymuch.Thebook（which）Igaveyouwasworth$10.主语，宾which物Thepicturewhichwasaboutthe语a
4、ccidentwasterrible.Heissuchapersonasisrespectedby主语，宾allofus.as人，物as做宾语一般不省略语ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.例如：（注意关系代词在定语从句屮所充当的成分）1Doyouknowtheprofessorwho/thatwillgiveusaspeechnextweek^（作主i吾）2Ireadareportabouthisnewnovelthat/whichwillsoonhepublished.
5、（作主语）3Theplanlhat/whichtheyarguedaboutwassettledatlast.（作宾语）4Thisisthenewsecretary（who/whom/that）Iwouldliketointroducetoyou.（作宾语）5Thesoldierw/zo%legswerebadlywoundedwasoperatedonwithoutdelay.（作定语）注意：关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语时可以省略，充当主语时则不能。（见上例③④）（―）关系代词that代替which的
6、一些情况which,that在代替物时，一般可以通用。但在有些情况下，只用thato（1）先行词是最高级形容词或它的前面有最高级形容词修饰时。例如：1Thisisthebestthathasbeenusedagainstpollution.2Englishisthemostdifficultsubjectthatyouwilllearnduringtheseyears.⑵先行词是序数词，或它前面有一个序数词时。例如：1Thisisthelastplace(也af)Iwanttovisit.2Itisth
7、efirstAmericanmovieofthiskindthatVveeverseen・⑶先行词是all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none等代词时。例如：1Youshouldhandinallthatyouhave.2Wehaverftgotmuchthatwecanofferyou・⑷先行词前面有theonly,thevery,any,few,little,no,all,much,every等修饰时。例如：1Theonlyt
8、hingthatwecandoistogiveyousomemoney.2Thelittlemoney(that)hehadwasstolen.(三)宜用who,而不用that的一些情况(1)先行词是one,ones,anyone时。例如：1OnewhohasnothingtofearforoneselfAQTQStotellthetruth.2Dorfttellanyoneaboutthenewswhooughtn'ttoknowit.⑵
