缓冲溶液的配置及原理

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1、.常用缓冲溶液的配制&缓冲溶液原理（一）甘氨酸-盐酸缓冲液（0.05mol/L）X毫升0.2mol/L甘氨酸＋Y毫升0.2mol/LHCl，再加水稀释至200毫升。pHXYpHXY2.25044.03.05011.42.45032.43.2508.22.65024.23.4506.42.85016.83.6505.0甘氨酸分子量＝75.07。0.2mol/L甘氨酸溶液含15.01g/L。（二）邻苯二甲酸-盐酸缓冲液（0.05mol/L）X毫升0.2mol/L邻苯二甲酸氢钾＋Y毫升0.2mol/LHCl，再加水稀释至20毫升。pH(20℃)XYpH(

2、20℃)XY2.254.6703.251.4702.453.9603.450.9902.653.2952.650.5972.852.6423.850.2633.052.032邻苯二甲酸氢钾分子量＝204.23。0.2mol/L邻苯二甲酸氢钾溶液含40.85g/L。（三）磷酸氢二钠-柠檬酸缓冲液pH0.2mol/LNa2HPO4(mL)0.1mol/L柠檬酸(mL)pH0.2mol/LNa2HPO4(mL)0.1mol/L柠檬酸(mL)2.22.42.62.83.03.23.43.63.84.04.24.44.64.85.00.401.242.183

3、.174.114.945.706.447.107.718.288.829.359.8610.3019.6018.7617.8216.8315.8915.0614.3013.5612.9012.2911.7211.1810.6510.149.705.25.45.65.86.06.26.46.66.87.07.27.47.67.88.010.7211.1511.6012.0912.6313.2213.8514.5515.4516.4717.3918.1718.7319.1519.459.288.858.407.917.376.786.155.454.5

4、53.532.611.831.270.850.55Na2HPO4分子量＝141.98；0.2mol/L溶液为28.40g/L。Na2HPO4·2H2O分子量＝178.05；0.2mol/L溶液为35.61g/L。Na2HPO4·12H2O分子量＝358.22；0.2mol/L溶液为71.64g/L。C6H8O7·H2O分子量＝210.14；0.1mol/L溶液为21.01g/L。（四）柠檬酸-氢氧化钠-盐酸缓冲液..pH钠离子浓度(mol/L)柠檬酸(g)C6H8O7·H2O氢氧化钠(g)NaOH97％盐酸(mL)HCl(浓)最终体积(L)①2.2

5、0.2021084160103.10.2021083116103.30.2021083106104.30.202108345105.30.3524514468105.80.45285186105106.50.3826615612610①使用时可以每升中加入1克酚，若最后pH值有变化，再用少量50％氢氧化钠溶液或浓盐酸调节，冰箱保存。（五）柠檬酸-柠檬酸钠缓冲液（0.1mol/L）pH0.1mol/L柠檬酸(mL)0.1mol/L柠檬酸钠(mL)pH0.1mol/L柠檬酸(mL)0.1mol/L柠檬酸钠(mL)3.018.61.45.08.211.8

6、3.217.22.85.27.312.73.416.04.05.46.413.63.614.95.15.65.514.53.814.06.05.84.715.34.013.16.96.03.816.24.212.37.76.22.817.24.411.48.66.42.018.04.610.39.76.61.418.64.89.210.8柠檬酸：C6H8O7·H2O分子量＝210.14；0.1mol/L溶液为21.01g/L。柠檬酸钠：Na3C6H5O7·2H2O分子量＝294.12；0.1mol/L溶液为29.41g/L。（六）醋酸-醋酸钠缓冲液

7、（0.2mol/L）pH(18℃)0.2mol/LNaAc(mL)0.2mol/LHAc(mL)pH(18℃)0.2mol/LNaAc(mL)0.2mol/LHAc(mL)3.60.759.354.85.904.103.81.208.805.07.003.004.01.808.205.27.902.104.22.657.355.48.601.404.43.706.305.69.100.904.64.905.105.86.400.60NaAc·3H2O分子量＝136.09；0.2mol/L溶液为27.22g/L。冰乙酸11.8mL稀释至1L（需标定）

8、。（七）磷酸二氢钾-氢氧化钠缓冲液（0.05mol/L）X毫升0.2mol/LKH2PO4+Y毫升0.2mol/LNaOH