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本科毕业论文中文题目：《波丽安娜》中主人公—波丽安娜的性格成因外文题目：AnalysisofPollyanna’sCharacterinPollyanna院系专业年级学号学生指导教师结稿日期四川外语学院教务处制15 《波丽安娜》中主人公—波丽安娜的性格成因摘要：《波丽安娜》是1913年由埃莉诺波特所著的儿童文学经典。从此，主人公波丽安娜成为乐观的代名词。波丽安娜的人生观核心即“高兴的游戏”，这是她父亲教她的从一切事物中发现乐趣的乐观态度，有了这个理念，以及她自己的阳光和真诚的个性，富有同情心的灵魂，波丽安娜给她所居住的新英格兰小镇带来了无穷的欢乐。波丽安娜永恒的乐观精神使她成为了美国文学中深受喜爱的主人公之一。本论文将从家庭教育、自我教育、社会教育三方面分析波丽安娜的性格成因。研究形成波丽安娜乐观性格的教育成因，以便我们可以向她学习，将来可以更好地进行教育，更积极地生活。关键词：性格成因家庭教育自我教育社会教育15 AnalysisofPollyanna’sCharacterinPollyannaAbstractPollyannaisabest-selling1913novelbyEleanorH.Porterthatisnowconsideredaclassicofchildren'sliterature,withthetitlecharacter'snamebecomingapopulartermforsomeonewiththesameoptimisticoutlook.Pollyanna'sphilosophyoflifecentersonwhatshecalls"TheGladGame",anoptimisticattitudeshelearnedfromherfather.Thegameconsistsoffindingsomethingtobegladaboutineverysituation.Withthisphilosophy,andherownsunnypersonalityandsincere,sympatheticsoul,Pollyannabringssomuchgladnesstoheraunt'sdispiritedNewEnglandtownthatshetransformsitintoapleasantplacetolive.Everythinghappensforareason..Thisessaywillelaboratethereasonsofhercharacterinthreeaspects:familyeducation,self-educationandsocialeducation.Diggingoutthereasonsofhercharacterisquiteimportantsoastolearnfromher.Keywords:AnalysisofPollyanna’sCharacter;Familyeducation;Self-education;socialeducation.15 AcknowledgementsIamgreatlyindebtedtoanumberofpeoplewithoutwhosehelpthecompletionofthisthesiswouldhavebeenabsolutelyimpossible.Firstandforemost,Iwouldliketoexpressmyheartfeltgratitudetomysupervisor,ProfessorZhang,bothforhisintellectualguidanceandforhiswarmandconstantencouragementduringtheprocessofwritingthisthesis.Withpatienceandprudence,helaboredthroughdraftsofthisthesisandpointedoutdefectsinmytheorizing.Therefore,Ioweallthemeritsinthisthesis,ifany,tohim,thoughIamfullyawarethatthethesismightstillcontainsomemistakes,forwhichIbearthewholeresponsibility.MycordialandsincerethanksgotoalltheteachersintheDepartmentofEnglishLanguageandLiterature,whoseinterestingandinformativecourseshavebenefitedmealotduringmycollegeyears.TheprofitthatIgainedfromtheirprofoundknowledge,remarkableexpertiseandintellectualingenuitywillbeofeverlastingsignificancetomyfuturelifeandcareer.Iamalsoverygratefultomyclassmates,whohavegivenmealotofhelpandcourageduringmystayintheUniversityandthroughouttheprocessofwritingthisthesis.Lastbutnottheleast;bigthanksgotomyfamilywhohassharedwithmemyworries,frustrations,andhopefullymyultimatehappinessineventuallyfinishingthisthesis.15 Contents中文摘要………………………………………………………………………….iAbstract………………………………………………………………………………iiAcknowledgements…………………………………………………………………...iiiIntroduction……….……….………………………………………………………......1I.InthePerspectiveofFamilyEducation…………………………………………......21.Pollyannaisablessedchildfromthetrueloveofherparents………………...22Pollyanna’smotherinfluencedherdeeply…………………………………......23.Pollyanna’sfathertaughtherhowtoplay"TheGladGame"…………………2II.InthePerspectiveofSelf-education………………………….……….……………31.Therationalselfcontrolstheemotionalself…………………………………..32.PollyannaeducatesherselfinherownwaybydistinguishingherselffromPollyannainothers’eyes………………………………………………………………53.Pollyanna’spastselfpromotesthepresentself………………………………..64.Pollyanna’sidealselfcanguidetherealityself……………………………….65.Pollyanna’ssocialselfmonitorsherindividualself………………...…………76.Pollyannateachesherselfthroughreading,whichperfectshercharacter……..87.Theexperienceofchallengingherselfsuccessfullyenhanceshersunnycharacter……………………………………………………………………………….8III.InthePerspectiveofSocialEducation…………………………………………….81.Thesocialadversitystimulateshercourageandexcitement……………...…..82.Thebettersocialtransformationenhancesherbeliefinplaying"TheGladGame"andkeepinganoptimisticattitudetowardlife………………………………...93.ThesocialencouragementrefreshedPollyannawhenshewasinthedeepestfrustration…………………………………………………………………………….11Conclusion………………………………………………….………..………...13Notes………………………………………………………………………………..14Bibliography………………………………………………………………………...1515 AnalysisofPollyanna’sCharacterinPollyannaIntroductionPollyannaisabest-selling1913novelbyEleanorH.Porterthatisnowconsideredaclassicofchildren'sliterature,withthetitlecharacter'snamebecomingapopulartermforsomeonewiththesameoptimisticoutlook.ThetitlecharacterisnamedPollyannaWhittier,ayoungorphanwhogoestoliveinBeldingsville,Vermont,withherwealthybutsternAuntPolly.Pollyanna'sphilosophyoflifecentersonwhatshecalls"TheGladGame",anoptimisticattitudeshelearnedfromherfather.Thegameconsistsoffindingsomethingtobegladaboutineverysituation.Withthisphilosophy,andherownsunnypersonalityandsincere,sympatheticsoul,Pollyannabringssomuchgladnesstoheraunt'sdispiritedNewEnglandtownthatshetransformsitintoapleasantplacetolive.Everythinghappensforareason..Diggingoutthereasonsofhercharacterisquiteimportantsoastolearnfromher.lIntheperspectiveoffamilyeducationFirstly,Pollyannaisablessedchildfromthetrueloveofherparents.Shegrewupinalovingenvironment.Secondly,Pollyanna’smotherinfluencedherdeeply.Hermother’skindnessandbravenesshadsetagoodexampleforher.NodoubtthatPollyannaiskindheartedandalwaysbelievesinkindness.Thirdlyandthemostimportantly,Pollyanna’sfathertaughtherhowtoplay"TheGladGame".Thegameconsistsoffindingsomethingtobegladaboutineverysituation.lIntheperspectiveofself-educationFirst,therationalselfcontrolstheemotionalself.Second,sheeducatesherselfinherownwaybydistinguishingherselffromPollyannainothers’eyes.Third,Pollyanna’spastselfpromotesthepresentself.Fourth,Pollyanna’sidealselfcanguidetherealityself.Fifth,Pollyanna’ssocialselfmonitorsherindividualself.Sixth,Pollyannateachesherselfthroughreading,whichperfectshercharacter.Seventh,theexperienceofchallengingherselfsuccessfullyenhanceshersunnycharacter.lIntheperspectiveofsocialeducationFirst,thesocialadversitystimulateshercourageandexcitement.Second,thebettersocialtransformationenhancesherbeliefinplaying"TheGladGame"andkeepinganoptimisticattitudetowardlife.Third,thesocialencouragementrefreshedPollyannawhenshewasinthedeepestfrustration.15 Ⅰ.IntheperspectiveoffamilyeducationFirstly,Pollyannaisablessedchildfromthetrueloveofherparents.Pollyanna’smotherJennie,whohadbeenthischild'smother,andtothetimewhenJennie,asagirloftwenty,hadinsisteduponmarryingtheyoungminister,inspiteofherfamily'sopposition.Therehadbeenamanofwealthwhohadwantedher--andthefamilyhadmuchpreferredhimtotheminister;butJenniehadnot.Themanofwealthhadmoreyears,aswellasmoremoney,tohiscredit,whiletheministerhadonlyayoungheadfullofyouth'sidealsandenthusiasm,andaheartfulloflove.Jenniehadpreferredthese--quitenaturally,perhaps;soshehadmarriedtheminister,andhadgonesouthwithhimasahomemissionary'swife.Shemadethatbravedecisionbecauseoftheirtruelove..AccordingtoLoveisaChoicebyDr.RobertHemfelt,FrankMinirth,PaulMeier,everyonehasa“Lovestoragetank”.Inahealthy,normalfamily,thelovepassesfromgenerationtogeneration,andtheloveyoucanhavedependsonhowmuchloveyouhavereceivedfromtheoriginalfamily.Asweknow,bothofPollyanna’sparentshadgreatexpectationforthecomingchild—Pollyanna.Pollyannaisablessedchildfromthetrueloveofherparents.Shegrewupinalovingenvironment.Soshehasalovestoragetankwhichfulloflove.Secondly,Pollyanna’smotherinfluencedherdeeply.AccordingtooldTom(anoldservantinherfamily),hermotheris“anangelstraightfromheaven”.Researchsuggeststhatmotherscanpositivelyimpactwhethertheirchildhasahealthyandhappyadulthoodandoldage.Mothersareanimportantpartofourgrowthanddevelopment,andlong-termphysicalandpsychologicalwell-being.Pollyanna’smother’skindnessandbravenesshadsetagoodexampleforher.NodoubtthatPollyannaiskindheartedandalwaysbelievesinkindness.Thirdlyandthemostimportantly,Pollyanna’sfathertaughtherhowtoplay"TheGladGame".Thegameconsistsoffindingsomethingtobegladaboutineverysituation.ItoriginatedinanincidentoneChristmaswhenPollyanna,whowashopingforadollinthemissionarybarrel,foundonlyapairofcrutchesinside.Makingthegameuponthespot,Pollyanna'sfathertaughthertolookatthegoodsideofthings—inthiscase,tobegladaboutthecrutchesbecause"wedon'tneedthem!"Thegladgamewentlikethis.Nomatterwhathappenedthatwassadorunexpected,oneneedn'teverbesadorcry.Ifonelookedandstudiedenough,onecouldfindsomethingtobegladabout.Pollyanna’sfatherwasapoormissionary,andatChristmassheusedtolookforwardtothemissionaryboxfromthechurchwithsuchlongingsanddreams.Oneyearshewantedadoll.Buttherewasnodollinthemissionarybarrel.Therewasonlyonethingforalittlegirl.Itwasacrutch.Shehadnoideahowitcametobesent.Butshewasgladshedidn'thavetousethecrutch.Andthen,millionsoftimes,shehasplayedtheGladGame.Ithasalwaysbeenthekeytocontentment,andthedoortohappinessforher.Fromthenon,Pollyannaplayed"TheGladGame"morefrequently.Gradually,shedidn’thavetoplayitconsciously.Shegotsousedtoplaythegamewithout15 thinking."Thatwasahardone,atfirst,"sheadmitted,"speciallywhenIwassokindoflonesome.Ijustdidn'tfeellikeplayingthegame,anyway,andIhadbeenwantingprettythings,so!ThenIhappenedtothinkhowIhatedtoseemyfrecklesinthelooking-glass,andIsawthatlovelypictureoutthewindow,too;sothenIknewI'dfoundthethingstobegladabout.Yousee,whenyou'rehuntingforthegladthings,yousortofforgettheotherkind--likethedollyouwanted,youknow.""Mostgenerallyitdoesn'ttakesolong,"sighedPollyanna;"andlotsoftimesnowIjustthinkofthemwithoutthinking,youknow.I'vegotsousedtoplayingit.It'salovelygame.F-fatherandIusedtolikeitsomuch,"(五p22)ItissoonrevealedthatPollyanna’sgladnesscomesfromagamethathermissionaryfatherhadtaughther.Theonlyruleofthegamewastotakesomethingthatmadeyouunhappyandfindthegoodinitsothatyoumightbegladinit.ThelonelyorphanwantstofindsomeonetoplaythegamewithherandsoonsettlesonplayingthegamewiththemaidNancyandanyoneelsewhowilllistentoherstory.Ⅱ.Intheperspectiveofself-educationTheobjectofself-educationisthepersonhimself.Inself-education,educationitselfbecomesthemainobjectofeducation,withthedualidentityofsubjectandobject,whichisthemostconcentratedandmostfundamentalexpressionofself-education.Thedualidentityofsubjectandobjectofself-educationanditsinternalcontradictionsprovidearealisticbasisoftheself-education.Thekeyofself-educationistocreateconditionstopromoteabetterinteractionofthedualidentity.InPollyanna,Pollyannaofteneducatesherselfinsevenperspectives.That’swhysheisalwaysmotivatedandactive.First,therationalselfcontrolstheemotionalself.WhenPollyanna,standingatarationalpointofview,examinesherownemotionalneeds,sheproducesarationalandemotionalself.Rationalselfandemotionalselfuniteasoppositesides.Thetwosidesconflictandsettlereasonably.Andultimatelytherationalselfcontrolstheemotionalself.Justlikethefollowingquotesshowus:Pollyanna:"I'msoglad.Itmustbeperfectlylovelytohavelotsofmoney.Ineverknewanyonethatdidhave,onlytheWhites--they'resomerich.Theyhavecarpetsineveryroomandice-creamSundays.DoesAuntPollyhaveice-creamSundays?"15 Nancyshookherhead.Herlipstwitched.ShethrewamerrylookintoTimothy'seyes."No,Miss.Yourauntdon'tlikeice-cream,Iguess;leastwaysIneversawitonhertable."Pollyanna'sfacefell."Oh,doesn'tshe?I'msosorry!Idon'tseehowshecanhelplikingice-cream.But--anyhow,Icanbekindergladaboutthat,'causetheice-creamyoudon'teatcan'tmakeyourstomachachelikeMrs.White'sdid--thatis,Iatehers,youknow,lotsofit.（三p12）Pollyannaadjustsherattitudetowardice-creameasily.Atfirst,shewantstohaveice-creameverySunday.Butafterknowingheraunt’sattitudetowardice-cream,shefindsahealthyreasontorefuseice-creambecauseherrationalsidecontrolsheremotionalside."Yes;well,nevermindnowwhatyourfathersaid,"interruptedMissPolly,crisply."Youhadatrunk,Ipresume?"Thelittlegirldrewinherbreathtremulously."Why,AuntPolly,you--youmean--"Shehesitated,andherauntfilledthepause."Wewillgoup-stairstoyourroom.Yourtrunkisalreadythere,Ipresume.ItoldTimothytotakeitup--ifyouhadone.Youmayfollowme,Pollyanna."Withoutspeaking,Pollyannaturnedandfollowedherauntfromtheroom.Hereyeswerebrimmingwithtears,butherchinwasbravelyhigh."Afterall,I--IreckonI'mgladshedoesn'twantmetotalkaboutfather,"Pollyannawasthinking."It'llbeeasier,maybe--ifIdon'ttalkabouthim.Probably,anyhow,thatiswhyshetoldmenottotalkabouthim."AndPollyanna,convincedanewofheraunt's"kindness,"blinkedoffthetearsandlookedeagerlyabouther.（四p14-15）Atfirst,Pollyannawantedtotalkaboutherfather,butAuntPollyrefused.SoPollyannafoundsomereasontopersuadeherself,tocomfortheremotionalneed.Pollyanna’sfathertaughtherhowtoplay"TheGladGame".Thegameconsistsoffindingsomethingtobegladaboutineverysituation.ItoriginatedinanincidentoneChristmaswhenPollyanna,whowashopingforadollinthemissionarybarrel,foundonlyapairofcrutchesinside.Makingthegameuponthespot,Pollyanna'sfathertaughthertolookatthegoodsideofthings—inthiscase,tobegladaboutthecrutchesbecause"wedon'tneedthem!"Pollyanna’sfathertaughtherhowtofindsomethingtobegladaboutineverysituation.Inthis“game”,sheknewhowtosatisfyheremotionalneedbyproperreasons.15 Thefollowingquoteshowsherperformanceof"TheGladGame".“Imean;andIshouldn'thavegottoplanningallthroughthehallthatfirstdayhowprettyminewouldbehere,and--andBut,truly,AuntPolly,itwasn'tbutjustaminute--Imean,afewminutes--beforeIwasbeinggladthatthebureaudidn’thavealooking-glass,becauseitdidn'tshowmyfreckles;andtherecouldn'tbeanicerpicturethantheoneoutmywindowthere;andyou'vebeensogoodtome,that…"(十p51-52)Atfirstsheplannedonbeautifulthingsinherroom,butonlygotdisappointed.Thenshetriedherbesttoplay"TheGladGame",findingsomereasontobegladabout.Thustherationalselfcontrolstheemotionalself.Second,sheeducatesherselfinherownwaybydistinguishingherselffromPollyannainothers’eyes.WhenPollyannaidentifiesherselfasanobjectivetounderstandandgrasp,irrespectiveoftheimageinothersopinions,shehasanunderstandingofherown.Sothatshecanshecanbeherselfandeducateherselfinherownway.Justlikethefollowingquoteshowsus:AuntPolly:"Atnineo'clockeverymorningyouwillreadaloudonehalf-hourtome.Beforethatyouwillusethetimetoputthisroominorder.WednesdayandSaturdayforenoons,afterhalf-pastnine,youwillspendwithNancyinthekitchen,learningtocook.Othermorningsyouwillsewwithme.Thatwillleavetheafternoonsforyourmusic.Ishall,ofcourse,procureateacheratonceforyou,"shefinisheddecisively,asshearosefromherchair.Pollyannacriedoutindismay."Oh,butAuntPolly,AuntPolly,youhaven'tleftmeanytimeatalljustto--tolive.""Tolive,child!Whatdoyoumean?Asifyouweren'tlivingallthetime!""Oh,ofcourseI'dbebreathingallthetimeIwasdoingthosethings,AuntPolly,butIwouldn'tbeliving.Youbreatheallthetimeyou'reasleep,butyouaren'tliving.Imeanliving--doingthethingsyouwanttodo:playingoutdoors,reading(tomyself,ofcourse),climbinghills,talkingtoMr.Tominthegarden,andNancy,andfindingoutallaboutthehousesandthepeopleandeverythingeverywhereallthroughtheperfectlylovelystreetsIcamethroughyesterday.That'swhatIcallliving,AuntPolly.Justbreathingisn'tliving!"(六p30)Pollyannadidn’tjustfollowherAunt’splanoflife.Shehasherownideaofliving.Shecaneducateherselfinherownway.15 ItwasnotlongbeforelifeattheHarringtonhomesteadsettledintosomethinglikeorder--thoughnotexactlytheorderthatMissPollyhadatfirstprescribed.Pollyannasewed,practiced,readaloud,andstudiedcookinginthekitchen,itistrue;butshedidnotgivetoanyofthesethingsquitesomuchtimeashadfirstbeenplanned.Shehadmoretime,also,to"justlive,"assheexpressedit,foralmostallofeveryafternoonfromtwountilsixo'clockwasherstodowithassheliked--providedshedidnot"like"todocertainthingsalreadyprohibitedbyAuntPolly.Third,Pollyanna’spastselfpromotesthepresentself.WhenPollyannastandsatthepresentpoint,withthecurrentscaletoreflectonthepastself,thepresentselfunitewiththepastself.Soshehasaclearerunderstandingaboutherself.Inthisway,herpastselfpromotesthepresentself.Justlikethefollowingquotesshowus:"Fortheland'ssake,MissPollyanna,whatascareyoudidgiveme,"pantedNancy,hurryinguptothebigrock,downwhichPollyannahadjustregretfullyslid."Scare?Oh,I'msosorry;butyoumustn't,really,evergetscaredaboutme,Nancy.FatherandtheLadies'Aidusedtodoit,too,tilltheyfoundIalwayscamebackallright."(五p20)Pollyannaknewthatshecouldrunawayandcamebacksoundlybecauseofherpastexperience.Soshebecamemoreconfidentandbrave.Inthisway,thepastselfpromotesthepresentself.Oncesheintroduced"TheGladGame"toahandicappedwoman.Becausesheplayedthegamesuccessfullyinthepast,shecanintroducethegamemoreconfidently."Oh!"scoffedthewoman."That?Yes,Irememberthat;butIdidn'tsupposeyouwereinearnestanymorethanIwas.""Oh,yes,Iwas,"noddedPollyanna,triumphantly;"andIfoundit,too.Butitwashard.It'sallthemorefun,though,always,when'tishard.AndIwillownup,honesttotrue,thatIcouldn'tthinkofanythingforawhile.ThenIgotit.""AndnowI'lltellyouthegame,"proposedPollyanna,blithelyconfident."It'llbejustlovelyforyoutoplay--it'llbesohard.Andthere'ssomuchmorefunwhenitishard!”(十p49)Fourth,Pollyanna’sidealselfcanguidetherealityself.Pollyannahasanidealselfandarealityself.Theidealselfliesinthefuture.Itcaninteractwiththerealityselfsoastoguidetherealitytoabetterdirection.Justlikethefollowingquoteshowsus:15 Foramomentaftershehadgone.Pollyannastoodquitestill,lookingafterher.Thensheturnedherwideeyestothebarewall,thebarefloor,barewindows.Sheturnedthemlasttothelittletrunkthathadstoodnotsolongbeforeinherownlittleroominthefar-awayWesternhome.Thenextmomentshestumbledblindlytowarditandfellonherkneesatitsside,coveringherfacewithherhands."I'msureit--it'sgoingtobeaveryniceroom.Don'tyouthinkso?"shestammered,afterawhile."AndIcanbegladthereisn'tanylooking-glasshere,too,'causewherethereISN'TanyglassIcan'tseemyfreckles."Nancymadeasuddenqueerlittlesoundwithhermouth--butwhenPollyannaturned,herheadwasinthetrunkagain.Atoneofthewindows,afewminuteslater,Pollyannagaveagladcryandclappedherhandsjoyously."Oh,Nancy,Ihadn'tseenthisbefore,"shebreathed."Look--'wayoffthere,withthosetreesandthehousesandthatlovelychurchspire,andtherivershiningjustlikesilver.Why,Nancy,theredoesn'tanybodyneedanypictureswiththattolookat.Oh,I'msogladnowsheletmehavethisroom!"(四p17)Atfirst,Pollyannadidn’tlikeherlittleroom,whichwastherealitythen.Butshebelievedthatshewouldhaveaniceroom,justasshementioned"I'msureit--it'sgoingtobeaveryniceroom.Don'tyouthinkso?"Thenthingsbegantochangetoabetterdirection.Theidealselfaboutherroominteractwiththereality,thentheidealbeliefguidestherealitytoabetterdirection.Fifth,Pollyanna’ssocialselfmonitorsherindividualself.Pollyannaadjustsherselftocertainsocialnorms.Thatmeanssheadjustherindividualselftothesocialself.Ultimatelythesocialselfmonitorstheindividualself.Justlikethefollowingquotesshowus: "Yes--thatfather'sgonetoHeaventobewithmotherandtherestofus,youknow.HesaidImustbeglad.Butit'sbeenprettyhardto--todoit,eveninredgingham,becauseI--Iwantedhim,so;andIcouldn'thelpfeelingIOUGHTtohavehim,speciallyasmotherandtheresthaveGodandalltheangels,whileIdidn'thaveanybodybuttheLadies'Aid.ButnowI'msureit'llbeeasierbecauseI'vegotyou,AuntPolly.I'msogladI'vegotyou!"(三p11)TheindividualselfofPollyannadidn’twanttoloseherfather.Butsheadjustedherselftoherfatherandothers’will.Thesocialselftriedtoacceptthefactthatherfatherwasgone.Finally,withmoresocialinteraction,shecouldaccepttherealityandbegladaboutit.15 "Dearme!Well,Idon'tseewherethedifferenceis,"sighedPollyanna,asshewenttohangherhatontheoneparticularhookinthehouseuponwhichAuntPollyhadsaidthatitmustbehung.(十五p81)ThisdetailedinformationthatshehangherhatontheoneparticularhookinthehouseuponwhichAuntPollyhadsaidthatitmustbehungtoldusthatshemonitoredherindividualselftofollowthesocialexpectation.Thereareothertworespectsofself-education:Sixth,Pollyannateachesherselfthroughreading,whichperfectshercharacter.JustasPollyannasaysshelovestoread.Shewouldbegladtoreadtoherself.shelikesbesttoreadtoherself.Itteachesheralot.Seventh,theexperienceofchallengingherselfsuccessfullyenhanceshersunnycharacter.Pollyanna'srobustoptimismisputontothetestwhensheisstruckdownbyamotorcarwhilecrossingastreetandlosestheuseofherlegs.Atfirstshedoesn'trealizetheseriousnessofhersituation,butherspiritsplummetwhensheaccidentallyoverhearsaneminentspecialistsaythatshe'llneverwalkagain.Afterthat,sheliesinbed,unabletofindanythingtobegladabout.ThenthetownspeoplebegincallingatAuntPolly'shouse,eagertoletPollyannaknowhowmuchherencouragementhasimprovedtheirlives;andPollyannadecidesshecanstillbegladthatshehadlegs.Pollyannaissenttoahospitalwhereshelearnstowalkagainandisabletoappreciatetheuseofherlegsfarmoreasaresultofbeingtemporarilydisabled.Fromthenon,sheknowsthatnothingcandefeather.Ⅲ.IntheperspectiveofsocialeducationFirst,thesocialadversitystimulateshercourageandexcitement.Pollyannahasanindomitablecharacter.Thesocialadversitystimulateshercouragetoconquerthedifficulties.Inthisway,shebecomesmoreindomitableandbrave.Atfirst,therearemanyadversities:heraunt'sdispiritedNewEnglandtown;aquerulousinvalidnamedMrs.Snow;amiserlybachelor,Mr.Pendleton;hersternAuntPolly,andsoon.ButthesocialadversitymakeshermorebraveandexcitingwhenfacingthosedifficultiesbecauseofPollyanna’sindomitablecharacter.Thefollowingquotecanprovethatadversitystimulateshercourageandexcitement:Mrs.Snowdroppedthemirrorandturnedirritably."Well,youwouldn't!--notifyouwereme.Youwouldn'tbegladforblackhairnoranythingelse--ifyouhadtolieherealldayasIdo!"Pollyannabentherbrowsinathoughtfulfrown."Whyitwouldbekindofhard--todoitthen,wouldn'tit?"shemusedaloud.15 "Dowhat?""Begladaboutthings.""Begladaboutthings--whenyou'resickinbedallyourdays?Well,Ishouldsayitwould,"retortedMrs.Snow."Ifyoudon'tthinkso,justtellmesomethingtobegladabout;that'sall!"ToMrs.Snow'sunboundedamazement,Pollyannasprangtoherfeetandclappedherhands."Oh,goody!That'llbeahardone--won'tit?I'vegottogo,now,butI'llthinkandthinkallthewayhome;andmaybethenexttimeIcomeIcantellittoyou.Good-by.I'vehadalovelytime!Good-by,"shecalledagain,asshetrippedthroughthedoorway.(八p41)Obviously,Pollyannaisveryexcitingaboutthedifficultiesofplayingthegladgame.Mrs.Snowfindsithardtobegladaboutwhenonehastolieonbedallday.ButPollyannafindsitmoreinterestingandstimulating.Shesays“Oh,goody!That'llbeahardone--won'tit?”Gradually,PollyannateachessomeofBeldingsville'smosttroubledinhabitantsto'playthegame'aswell,fromaquerulousinvalidnamedMrs.Snowtoamiserlybachelor,Mr.Pendleton,wholivesallaloneinaclutteredmansion.AuntPolly,too—findingherselfhelplessbeforePollyanna'sbuoyantrefusaltobedowncast—graduallybeginstothaw,althoughsheresiststhegladgamelongerthananyoneelse.Second,thebettersocialtransformationenhancesherbeliefinplaying"TheGladGame"andkeepinganoptimisticattitudetowardlife.Pollyanna'sphilosophyoflifecentersonwhatshecalls"TheGladGame",anoptimisticattitudeshelearnedfromherfather.Withthisphilosophy,andherownsunnypersonalityandsincere,sympatheticsoul,Pollyannabringssomuchgladnesstoheraunt'sdispiritedNewEnglandtownthatshetransformsitintoapleasantplacetolive.Thissocialtransformationenhancesherbeliefinplaying"TheGladGame"andkeepinganoptimisticattitudetowardlife.Forexample,oneafternoon,aministerwassickatheart,worryingabouttheworseningconditionsintheparishunderhim.Pollyannatoldthestoryof"TheGladGame"tohimandtaughthimtofindsomethingineverythingtobegladabout.Thentheministerchangedhisattitudefromcondemnationtoencouragement.Hewrote:“whatmenandwomenneedisencouragement.Theirnaturalresistingpowersshouldbestrengthened,notweakened.Insteadofalwaysharpingonaman’sfaults,tellhimofhisvirtues.Trytopullhimoutofhisrutofbadhabits.Holduptohisbetterself,hisrealselfthatcandareanddoandwinout…Theinfluenceofabeautiful,helpful,hopefulcharacteriscontagious,andmayrevolutionizeawholetown…Peopleradiatewhatisintheirmindsandintheirhearts.Ifamanfeelskindlyandobliging,neighbors15 willfeelthatway,too,beforelong.Butifhescoldsandscowlsandcriticizes—hisneighborswillreturnscowlforscowl,andaddinterest.Whenyoulookforthebad,expectingit,youwillgetit.Whenyouknowyouwillfindthegood—youwillgetthat.”(二十二p114-115)TheministerexpressedhisgratefulnesstoPollyanna.Withthisencouragement,Pollyannawantstoplay"TheGladGame"more.Soon,Pollyannateachessomemosttroubledinhabitantsto'playthegame'aswell,fromaquerulousinvalidnamedMrs.Snowtoamiserlybachelor,Mr.Pendleton,wholivesallaloneinaclutteredmansion.AuntPolly,too—findingherselfhelplessbeforePollyanna'sbuoyantrefusaltobedowncast—graduallybeginstothaw,althoughsheresiststhegladgamelongerthananyoneelse.Justlikethefollowingquotesshowus:"Indeed!Andwhatarethespecialingredientsofthiswonder-working--tonicofhers?"Thedoctorshookhishead."Idon'tknow.AsnearasIcanfindoutitisanoverwhelming,unquenchablegladnessforeverythingthathashappenedorisgoingtohappen.Atanyrate,herquaintspeechesareconstantlybeingrepeatedtome,and,asnearasIcanmakeout,'justbeingglad'isthetenorofmostofthem.Allis,"headded,withanotherwhimsicalsmile,ashesteppedoutontotheporch,"IwishIcouldprescribeher--andbuyher--asIwouldaboxofpills;--thoughiftheregetstobemanyofherintheworld,youandImightaswellgotoribbon-sellingandditch-diggingforallthemoneywe'dgetoutofnursinganddoctoring,"helaughed,pickingupthereinsandsteppingintothegig.(十五p75)Dr.ChiltonacknowledgePollyanna’soptimismasaPanacea,whichcancureanyillness."IwishIcouldprescribeher--andbuyher--asIwouldaboxofpills;--thoughiftheregetstobemanyofherintheworld,youandImightaswellgotoribbon-sellingandditch-diggingforallthemoneywe'dgetoutofnursinganddoctoring,"saysDr.Chilton.JohnPendletongreetedPollyannato-daywithasmile."Well,MissPollyanna,I'mthinkingyoumustbeaveryforgivinglittleperson,elseyouwouldn'thavecometoseemeagainto-day.""Why,Mr.Pendleton,Iwasrealgladtocome,andI'msureIdon'tseewhyIshouldn'tbe,either.""Oh,well,youknow,Iwasprettycrosswithyou,I'mafraid,boththeotherdaywhenyousokindlybroughtmethejelly,andthattimewhenyoufoundmewiththebroken15 legatfirst.Bytheway,too,Idon'tthinkI'veeverthankedyouforthat.NowI'msurethatevenyouwouldadmitthatyouwereveryforgivingtocomeandseeme,aftersuchungratefultreatmentasthat!"（十七p88）Atfirst,Mr.Pendleton,wholivesallaloneinaclutteredmansion，isaveryindifferentman.ButlaterheisdeeplymovedbyPollyannaandpraisesherfromthebottomofhisheart!Pollyannateachessomemosttroubledinhabitantsto'playthegame'aswell,fromaquerulousinvalidnamedMrs.Snowtoamiserlybachelor,Mr.Pendleton,wholivesallaloneinaclutteredmansion.AuntPolly,too—findingherselfhelplessbeforePollyanna'sbuoyantrefusaltobedowncast—graduallybeginstothaw,althoughsheresiststhegladgamelongerthananyoneelse.Thesesocialtransformationsenhanceherbeliefinplaying"TheGladGame"andkeepinganoptimisticattitudetowardlife.Third,thesocialencouragementrefreshedPollyannawhenshewasinthedeepestfrustration.Pollyanna'srobustoptimismisputtothetestwhensheisstruckdownbyamotorcarwhilecrossingastreetandlosestheuseofherlegs.ThetownspeoplebegincallingatAuntPolly'shouse,eagertoletPollyannaknowhowmuchherencouragementhasimprovedtheirlives.EventuallyPollyannadecidesshecanstillbegladthatshehadlegsandappreciatetheuseofherlegsfarmoreasaresultofbeingtemporarilydisabled.Justlikethefollowingquoteshowsus:"Yes,dear."MissPollysternlyforcedhervoicetobecheerfullymatter-of-fact."Nancytoldme.Ithinkit'sabeautifulgame.I'mgoingtoplayitnow--withyou.""Oh,AuntPolly--you?I'msoglad!Yousee,I'vereallywantedyoumostofanybody,allthetime."AuntPollycaughtherbreathalittlesharply.Itwasevenharderthistimetokeephervoicesteady;butshedidit."Yes,dear;andthereareallthoseothers,too.Why,Pollyanna,Ithinkallthetownisplayingthatgamenowwithyou--eventotheminister!Ihaven'thadachancetotellyou,yet,butthismorningImetMr.FordwhenIwasdowntothevillage,andhetoldmetosaytoyouthatjustassoonasyoucouldseehim,hewascomingtotellyouthathehadn'tstoppedbeinggladoverthoseeighthundredrejoicingtextsthatyoutoldhimabout.Soyousee,dear,it'sjustyouthathavedoneit.Thewholetownisplayingthegame,andthewholetowniswonderfullyhappier--andallbecauseofonelittlegirlwhotaughtthepeopleanewgame,andhowtoplayit."15 Pollyannaclappedherhands."Oh,I'msoglad,"shecried.Then,suddenly,awonderfullightilluminedherface."Why,AuntPolly,thereISsomethingIcanbegladabout,afterall.IcanbegladI'veHADmylegs,anyway--elseIcouldn'thavedone--that!"(二十八p147)ThetownspeoplebegincallingatAuntPolly'shouse,eagertoletPollyannaknowhowmuchherencouragementhasimprovedtheirlives.Sofinally,AuntPollyknowsthegameandplaysit!Thewholetownisplayingthegame,andthewholetowniswonderfullyhappier--andallbecauseofonelittlegirlwhotaughtthepeopleanewgame,andhowtoplayit.Eventually,however,evenPollyanna'srobustoptimismisputtothetestwhensheisstruckdownbyamotorcarwhilecrossingastreetandlosestheuseofherlegs,sheisrefreshedbythesocialencouragement!Pollyannadecidesshecanstillbegladthatshehadlegsandappreciatetheuseofherlegsfarmoreasaresultofbeingtemporarilydisabled.Allinall,Pollyanna’smiraculouscharacterisnotformedoccasionally.Itisformedbytheinfluencesoffamilyeducation,self-educationandsocialeducation.Asweallknowthatgoodeducationmakesaperfectchild.ThecharacterofPollyannaprovesitagain.15 ConclusionTheanalysisofPollyannainPollyanna:IntheperspectiveoffamilyeducationFirstly,Pollyannaisablessedchildfromthetrueloveofherparents.Shegrewupinalovingenvironment.Secondly,Pollyanna’smotherinfluencedherdeeply.Hermother’skindnessandbravenesshadsetagoodexampleforher.NodoubtthatPollyannaiskindheartedandalwaysbelievesinkindness.Thirdlyandthemostimportantly,Pollyanna’sfathertaughtherhowtoplay"TheGladGame".Thegameconsistsoffindingsomethingtobegladaboutineverysituation.Intheperspectiveofself-educationFirst,therationalselfcontrolstheemotionalself.Second,sheeducatesherselfinherownwaybydistinguishingherselffromPollyannainothers’eyes.Third,Pollyanna’spastselfpromotesthepresentself.Fourth,Pollyanna’sidealselfcanguidetherealityself.Fifth,Pollyanna’ssocialselfmonitorsherindividualself.Sixth,Pollyannateachesherselfthroughreading,whichperfectshercharacter.Seventh,theexperienceofchallengingherselfsuccessfullyenhanceshersunnycharacter.IntheperspectiveofsocialeducationFirst,thesocialadversitystimulateshercourageandexcitement.Second,thebettersocialtransformationenhancesherbeliefinplaying"TheGladGame"andkeepinganoptimisticattitudetowardlife.Third,thesocialencouragementrefreshedPollyannawhenshewasinthedeepestfrustration.Allinall,Pollyanna’smiraculouscharacterisnotformedoccasionally.Itisformedbytheinfluencesoffamilyeducation,self-educationandsocialeducation.Asweallknowthatgoodeducationmakesaperfectchild.ThecharacterofPollyannaprovesitagain.15 Notes1转引自苏惠淑，“广告英语的文体功能与翻译标准,”《外国语》1996（2），第51页。2苏惠淑，第51页。3苏惠淑，第52页。4MathieuGuidere,TranslationPracticesinInternationalAdvertising(Shanghai:ShanghaiForeignLanguageEducationPress,1995),5.5苏惠淑,第54页。6李克兴，“论广告翻译的策略,”《中国翻译》2004（6），第64页。7转引自顾嘉祖著，《跨文化交际》，南京：南京师范大学出版社，2000年，第120页。8顾嘉祖，第120页。9转引自李克兴，“论广告翻译的策略,”《中国翻译》2004（6），第66页。10转引自曹明伦，“广告语言的基本特点,”《中国翻译》2006（6），第87页。11曹明伦，第88页。12郭可，“英语新闻与广告写作,”《外国语》1996（2），第59页。13谭卫国，“英汉广告修辞的翻译,”《中国翻译》2003（3），第62—65页。14转引自孙致礼，“翻译与叛逆,”《中国翻译》2001（4），第18页。15谢天振著，《翻译研究新视野》，青岛：青岛出版社，2002年，第141页。16谢天振，第142页。17孙致礼，第19页。18孙致礼，第19页。19NordChristiane,TranslatingasaPurposefulActivity:FunctionalistApproachesExplained(Shanghai:ShanghaiForeignLanguageEducationPress,2001),6.20余泽梅，“翻译发起者对译文的影响,”《四川外语学院学报》2002(5)，第42页。15 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