资源描述:
《mba联考英语真题》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库。
1、MBA为英语二准备2005年PassageOneWorkingatnonstandardtimes-----evenings,nights,orweekends----istakingitstollonAmericanfamilies.One-fifthofallemployedAmericansworkvariableorrotatingshifts,andone-thirdworkweekends,accordingtoHarrietB.Presser,sociologyprofessorattheUniversi
2、tyofMaryland.Theresultisstressonfamilialrelationships,whichislikelytocontinueincomingdecades.Theconsequencesofworkingirregularhoursvaryaccordingtogender,economiclevel,andwhetherornotchildrenareinvolved.Singlemothersaremorelikelytoworknightsandweekendsthanmarried
3、mothers.Womeninclerical,sales,orotherlow-payingjobsparticipatedisproportionatelyinworkinglateandgraveyardshifts.Married-couplehouseholdswithchildrenareincreasinglybecomingdual-earnerhouseholds,generatingmoresplit-shiftcouples.School-agedchildren,however,maybenef
4、itfromparents’nonstandardworkschedulesbecauseofthegreaterlikelihoodthataparentwillbehomebeforeorafterschool.Ontheotherhand,acorrelationexistsbetweennonstandardworkschedulesandbothmaritalinstabilityandadeclineinthequalityofmarriages.Nonstandardworkinghoursmeanfam
5、iliesspendlesstimetogetherfordinerbutmoretimetogetherforbreakfast.One-on-oneinteractionbetweenparentsandchildrenvaries,however,basedonparent,shift,andageofchildren.Thereisalsoagreaterrelianceonchildcarebyrelativesandbyprofessionalproviders.Workingnonstandardhour
6、sislessachoiceofemployeesandmoreamandateofemployer.Presserbelievesthattheneedforswingshiftsandweekendworkwillcontinuetoriseinthecomingdecades.ShereportsthatinsomeEuropeancountriestherearesubstantialsalarypremiumsforemployeesworkingirregularhours-sometimesasmucha
7、s50%higher.Theconvenienceofhavingservicesavailable24hoursadaycontinuestodrivethistrend.Unfortunately,saysPresser,theissueisvirtuallyabsentfrompublicdiscourse.Sheemphasizestheneedforfocusedstudiesoncostsandbenefitsofworkingoddhours,thephysicalandemotionalhealthof
8、peopleworkingnightsandweekends,andthereasonsbehindthenecessityforworkingthesehours.“NonstandardworkschedulesnotonlyarehighlyprevalentamongAmericanfamiliesbutalsogener