高中英语语法---虚拟语气精讲和练习

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1、虚拟语气（一）［语法导读］虚拟语气表示说话者的愿望、假设、怀疑或推测，所说的话或与现在事实相反，或与过去事实相反，或与将来事实相反，它通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。我们现在就以下面这两个句子为例来迈入虚拟语气的大门。Heisbusynow.Ifhewerefree,hewouldgowithyou.2.1wishIcouldgotothemoviewithyoutonight,butIhavetofinishmyhomeworkthen.第1个句子中的“忙碌''是现在的事实，这样后而句子中的“空闲”则是与现在事实相反的假设，所以“和你一起去"也与现在事

2、实相反。因此，if从句的谓语用一般过去式were（be动词的过去式一般用were）,而主句的谓语用“would+动词原形第2个句子中的主句的谓语是wish,从后面but表示的转折的意义看，“今晚我去看电影"是不现实的，所以从句的谓语用"could+动词原形二［寻规找矩］请观察下列几织句子，特别要注意其中谓语动词的不同形式。1.a.IfIwereyou,Iwouldaccepttheinvitationandattendthemeeting.b.Ifhestudiedharder,hewouldpassalltheexaminations.2.a.Iwi

3、shitwerespringinmyhometownalltheyearround.A.Peterwishesthathehadstudiedlawinsteadofliteraturewhenhewasincollege.B.Iwishitwouldstoprainingsoonsothatwecouldgohikingasplanned.［功能小结］通过观察分析以上儿组例句，我们可以发现与之相对应的虚拟语气的用法：一、虚拟语气用在条件句中与现在事实相反：从句的谓语用一般过去式（be动词的过去式通常用were）,主句的谓语用“would/should

4、/could/might+动词原形"。二、虚拟语气用在wish引导的宾语从句中在wish后接的宾语从句中，谓语要用过去的某种时态表示虚拟语气。b.表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句的谓语用一般过去式;b.表示过去不能实现的愿望，从句的谓语用“had+过去分词”或“could/would4-have4-过去分词Sc.表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句的谓语用“would/could+动词原形覽［即学即练］1.用括号内所给动词的适当形式完成下列句子。1.1failedtheexam.HowIwish1(remember)allthoseEnglishwordsbefo

5、rethetest!2.IfI(be)tenyearsyounger,Iwouldaccepttheofferanddothejob.3.Wewishwe(live)onthemooninthefuture.4.Idon'tknowtheword.IfI(know)themeaningofit,Iwouldn'thavetolookitup.从A、B、C、D四个选项屮，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1.一HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?一No,butIwishI.haveB.willC.doD.had2.Iftherewerenowa

6、terintheworld,everything.A.willdieB.woulddieC.wouldhavediedD.havediedII.wishthatIwithyoulastnight-A.couldhavegoneB.couldgoC.havegoneD.wentd.IfIyou,ImoreattentiontoEnglishidiomsandphrases.A.was;shallpayB.am;willpayC.wouldbe;wouldpaywere;wouldpaye.Iwishthatyousuchabadheadachebecau

7、seFmsurethatyouwouldhaveenjoyedtheconcert.A.wouldn'thaveB.didn'thaveKey:I.1.hadremembered2.were1.couldlive4.knewII.1-5DBADC虚拟语气（上）［想一想］请观察下列几组句子，想一想其中谓语动词的用法有何特点。1.a.IfIhadenoughmoneynow,Iwouldlendittoyou.b.Ifhehadtakenyouradvice,hewouldn'thavemadesuchabadmistake.c.Ifhewere/shou

8、ldbe/weretobegivenanotherchance,hecouldcertainl