历年四级真题阅读

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1、Questions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.2010.12Itisprettymuchaone-waystreet.Whileitmaybecommonforuniversityresearcherstotrytheirluckinthecommercialworld,thereisverylittletrafficintheoppositedirection.Payhasalwaysbeenthebiggestdeterrent,aspeoplewithfamiliesoftenfeeltheycannotaffordthedro

2、pinsalarywhenmovingtoauniversityjob.Forsomeindustrialscientists,however,theattractionsofacademia（学术界）outweighanyfinancialconsiderations.HelenLeetooka70%cutinsalarywhenshemovedfromaseniorpostinAbbottLaboratoriestoamedicaldepartmentattheUniversityofCambridge.Hermainreasonforreturningtoacademia

3、mid-careerwastotakeadvantageofthegreaterfreedomtochooseresearchquestions.Someareasofinquiryhavefewprospectsofacommercialreturn,andLeUsisoneofthem.Theimpactofasalarycutisprobablylesssevereforascientistintheearlystagesofacareer.GuyGrant,nowaresearchassociateattheUnileverCentreforMolecukirInfor

4、maticsattheUniversityofCambridge,spenttwoyearsworkingforapharmaceutical（制药的）companybeforereturningtouniversityasapost-doctoralresearcher.Hetooka30%salarycutbutfeltitworthwhileforthegreaterintellectualopportunities.Higheruptheladder,whereapaycutisusuallymoresignificant,thedemandforscientistsw

5、ithawealthofexperienceinindustryisforcinguniversitiestomakethetransition（转换）toacademiamoreattractive,accordingtoLee.Industrialscientiststendtoreceivetrainingthatacademicsdonot,suchashowtobuildamultidisciplinaryteam,managebudgetsandnegotiatecontracts・Theyarealsowellplacedtobringsomethingextra

6、totheteachingsideofanacademicrolethatwillhelpstudentsgetajobwhentheygraduate,saysLee,perhapsexperienceinmanufacturingpracticeorproductdevelopment."Onlyasmallnumberofundergraduateswillcontinueinanacademiccareer.Sosomeoneleavinguniversitywhoalreadyhastheskillsneededtoworkinanindustriallabhasfa

7、rmorepotentialinthejobmarketthansomeonewhohasspentalltheirtimeonanarrowresearchproject/5注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。57.By"aone-waystreet^（Line1,Pant1）,theauthormeans•[A]universityresearchersknowlittleaboutthecommercialworld[B]thereislittleexchangebetweenindu