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ID:47037164
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时间:2019-07-04
《Lesson Two Photosynthesis(生物专业英语补完版)》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、LessonTwo(2学时)Photosynthesis教学目的:使学生掌握细胞的光合作用机理,光合系统Ⅰ与光合系统Ⅱ结构与功能之间的关系。相关英语词汇以及主要用法。Photosynthesisoccursonlyinthechlorophyll-containingcellsofgreenplants,algae,andcertainprotistsandbacteria.Overall,itisaprocessthatconvertslightenergyintochemicalenergythatisstoredinthemolecularbon
2、ds.Fromthepointofviewofchemistryandenergetics,itistheoppositeofcellularrespiration.Whereascellularrespirationishighlyexergonicandreleasesenergy,photosynthesisrequiresenergyandishighlyendergonic.光合作用只发生在含有叶绿素的绿色植物细胞,海藻,某些原生动物和细菌之中。总体来说,这是一个将光能转化成化学能,并将能量贮存在分子键中,从化学和动能学角度来看,它是细胞呼吸
3、作用的对立面。细胞呼吸作用是高度放能的,光合作用是需要能量并高吸能的过程。PhotosynthesisstartswithCO2andH2Oasrawmaterialsandproceedsthroughtwosetsofpartialreactions.Inthefirstset,calledthelight-dependentreactions,watermoleculesaresplit(oxidized),02isreleased,andATPandNADPHareformed.Thesereactionsmusttakeplaceinthep
4、resenceoflightenergy.Inthesecondset,calledlight-independentreactions,CO2isreduced(viatheadditionofHatoms)tocarbohydrate.ThesechemicaleventsrelyontheelectroncarrierNADPHandATPgeneratedbythefirstsetofreactions.光合作用以二氧化碳和水为原材料并经历两步化学反应。第一步,称光反应,水分子分解,氧分子释放,ATP和NADPH形成。此反应需要光能的存在。第二
5、步,称暗反应,二氧化碳被还原成碳水化合物,这步反应依赖电子载体NADPH以及第一步反应产生的ATP。Bothsetsofreactionstakeplaceinchloroplasts.Mostoftheenzymesandpigmentsforthelightdependentreactionsareembeddedinthethylakoidmembraneofchloroplasts.Thedarkreactionstakeplaceinthestroma.两步反应都发生在叶绿体中。光反应需要的大部分酶和色素包埋在叶绿体的类囊体膜上。暗反应发生在
6、基质中。HowLightEnergyReachesPhotosyntheticCells(光合细胞如何吸收光能的)Theenergyinlightphotonsinthevisiblepartofthespectrumcanbecapturedbybiologicalmoleculestodoconstructivework.Thepigmentchlorophyllinplantcellsabsorbsphotonswithinaparticularabsorptionspectrumsstatementoftheamountoflightabsor
7、bedbychlorophyllatdifferentwavelengths.Whenlightisabsorbeditaltersthearrangementofelectronsintheabsorbingmolecule.Theaddedenergyofthephotonbooststheenergyconditionofthemoleculefromastablestatetoaless-stableexcitedstate.Duringthelight-dependentreactionsofphotosynthesis,astheabsor
8、bingmoleculereturnstothegroundstate,the"excess"
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