托福听力lecture地结构

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1、实用文档托福听力lecture的结构1.Lecture有结构托福听力的lecture基本上都是总分总的结构，即「引入话题——展开讨论——教授总结」，下面分点论述：1）引入话题其实托福听力lecture里面讲课的教授就跟大家碰到过的老师一样，有的喜欢直入主题，有的喜欢拉七杂八。总的说来，lecture话题的引入方式有三种：•开门见山：啥也不扯，一言不合就开车，比如TPO1Lecture2：Ok,let’sgetstarted.Great.TodayIwanttotalkaboutawayinwhichweareabletodeterminehowoldapiece

2、ofland,orsomeothergeologicfeatureis–datingtechniques.•课程回顾：回顾上堂课的内容，然后再切入本堂课的内容；一般来说本次是上次的细化或者与上次的对比。比如TPO5Lecture2：Lastweek,wecoveredsomeargumentsagainstgoingbacktotheMoon.ButtherearecompellingreasonsinfavorofanotherMoonlandingtoo,um…nottheleastofwhichistryingtopinpointthemoon’sage.

3、•标准文案实用文档•啰哩吧嗦：有的教授实在是特别啰嗦，比如TPO2Lecture2：Hi,everyone.Goodtoseeyoualltoday.【你也好啊】Actually,Iexpectedthepopulationtobealotlowertoday.Ittypicallyrunsbetween50and60percentonthedaytheresearchpaperisdue.【来的人多不好么，说明你受欢迎啊】Um,Iwashopingtohaveyourexamsbacktoday【啊，要放榜啦？】,but,uh,thesituationwast

4、hatIwentawayfortheweekend,andIwassupposedtogetinyesterdayatfive,andIexpectedtofullycompletealltheexamsbymidnightorso,whichisthetimethatIusuallygotobed,butmyflightwasdelayed,andIendedupnotgettinginuntiloneo’clockinthemorning【你飞机晚点关我什么事啊？】.Anyway,I’lldomybesttohavethemfinishedbythenext

5、timewemeet【开始上课吧，please】.OK.Inthelastclass,westartedtalkingabout...【终于开始了…】不论是用哪一种引入方式，话题总是要出来的。一般都有一个核心的话题词，这个词后面一般有一个定义或者解释。比如TPO5Lecture3：...But,let’stalkaboutSpectroscopyalittlenowjusttocoverthebasics.WhatisSpectroscopy?Well,thesimplestdefinitionIcangiveyouisthatSpectroscopyisthe

6、studyoftheinteractionbetweenmatterandlight.这个「topic+definition/explanation」一定要听懂，最好还能在笔记上记下关键词。（当然，也有话题词不那么明显的，这样的lecture的结构就稍微难以整理一点。）标准文案实用文档在这个「topic+definition/explanation」之后，一般有一句话总起下面的展开讨论的内容。比如TPO33Lecture1：ThegreatpyramidofGizainEgyptmightbethemostfamousbuildingintheworld.Wek

7、nowexactlywhenitwasbuilt:constructionstartedin2547B.C.E.,aboutfourthousandfivehundredyearsago.Weknowwhohaditbuilt:thatwasaPharaohKhufu.Andweknowwhooversawitsconstruction:thePharaoh'sbrother.Weknowsomanythingsaboutit,butthefunnythingis,westilldon'tknowexactlyhowitwasbuilt.Thispicturew

8、illgiveyouan