多水平模型(英文原著) chap8

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1、Chapter8Multilevelcrossclassifications8.1RandomcrossclassificationsInpreviouschapterswehaveconsideredonlydatawheretheunitshaveapurelyhierarchicalornestedstructure.Inmanycases,however,aunitmaybeclassifiedalongmorethanonedimension.Anexampleisstudentsclassifiedbothbytheschooltheyattendan

2、dbytheneighbourhoodwheretheylive.Wecanrepresentthisdiagramaticallyasfollowsforthreeschoolsandfourneighbourhoodswithbetweenoneandsixstudentsperschool/neighbourhoodcell.Thecrossclassificationisatlevel2withstudentsatlevel1.School1School2School3Neighbourhood1xxxxxxxNeighbourhood2xxxxxxxxx

3、xNeighbourhood3xxxxxxxNeighbourhood4xxxxxxxFigure8.1Arandomcrossclassificationatlevel2Anotherexampleisinarepeatedmeasuresstudywherechildrenaremeasuredbydifferentratersatdifferentoccasions.Ifeachchildhasitsownsetofratersnotsharedwithotherchildrenthenthecrossclassificationisatlevel1,occ

4、asionsbyraters,nestedwithinchildrenatlevel2.Thiscanberepresenteddiagramaticallyasfollowsforthreechildrenwithupto7measurementoccasionsanduptothreeratersperchild.Weseethatthecrossclassificationtakesplaceentirelywithinthelevel2units.Wenotethat,bydefinition,alevel1crossclassificationhason

5、lyoneunitpercell.Wecan,however,alsoviewsuchacrossclassificationasaspecialcaseofalevel2crossclassificationwith,atmost,asinglelevel1unitpercell.Itseemsappropriatetoviewsuchcasesaslevel1crossclassificationsonlywherethesubstantivecontextdeterminesthatthereisatmostoneunitpercell(seesection

6、8.6).Child1Child2Child3Occasion:123456712346147Rater1xxxxxRater2xxxxxRater3xxxxxRater4xxxxxRater5xxxRater6xFigure8.2Arandomcrossclassificationatlevel1.11Ifnowthesamesetofratersisinvolvedwithallthechildrenthecrossingisatlevel2ascanbeseeninthefollowingdiagramwiththreeratersandthreechild

7、renanduptofiveoccasions.Child1Child2Child3Occasion:12341212345Rater1xxxxxRater2xxxRater3xxxFigure8.3Arandomcrossclassificationatlevel2.Figure8.3isformallythesamestructureasFigure8.1withthelevel1variancebeingthatbetweenoccasions.Thesebasiccrossclassificationsoccurcommonlywhenasimplehie

8、rarch