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1、ADictionaryofEnglishFolkloreJACQUELINESIMPSONSTEVEROUDOXFORDUNIVERSITYPRESSADictionaryofEnglishFolkloreThispageintentionallyleftblankADictionaryofEnglishFolklorejacquelinesimpson&steveroud13GreatClarendonStreet,Oxfordox26dpOxfordUniversityPressisadepartmentoftheUniversityofOxfor
2、d.ItfurtherstheUniversity’sobjectiveofexcellenceinresearch,scholarship,andeducationbypublishingworldwideinOxfordNewYorkAthensAucklandBangkokBogotáBuenosAiresCalcuttaCapeTownChennaiDaresSalaamDelhiFlorenceHongKongIstanbulKarachiKualaLumpurMadridMelbourneMexicoCityMumbaiNairobiPar
3、isSãoPauloSingaporeTaipeiTokyoTorontoWarsawwithassociatedcompaniesinBerlinIbadanOxfordisaregisteredtrademarkofOxfordUniversityPressintheUKandincertainothercountriesPublishedintheUnitedStatesbyOxfordUniversityPressInc.,NewYork©OxfordUniversityPress2000DatabaserightOxfordUniversit
4、yPress(maker)Firstpublished2000Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,withoutthepriorpermissioninwritingofOxfordUniversityPress,orasexpresslypermittedbylaw,orundertermsagreedwiththeappropriatereprogra
5、phicsrightsorganization.EnquiriesconcerningreproductionoutsidethescopeoftheaboveshouldbesenttotheRightsDepartment,OxfordUniversityPress,attheaddressaboveYoumustnotcirculatethisbookinanyotherbindingorcoverandyoumustimposethissameconditiononanyacquirerBritishLibraryCataloguinginPu
6、blicationDataDataavailableLibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationDataDataavailableISBN0–19–210019–X10987654321TypesetinSwiftandFrutigerbyRefineCatchLimited,Bungay,SuffolkPrintedinGreatBritainbyT.J.InternationalLtd.,Padstow,CornwallIntroductionThetitleofthisbookinvitestwochalleng
7、es:Whatis‘folklore’?Andwhatis‘English’folklore?Asregardsthefirst,‘folklore’isnotoriouslydifficulttodefinewithrigour,andthetermnowcoversabroaderfieldthanitdidwheninventedin1848,linkingmanyaspectsofculturaltraditionspastandpresent.Itincludeswhat-everisvoluntarilyandinformallycommunica
8、ted,createdordonejointlybymembersofagroup(ofany
