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1、1 The"Iliad"forwar;the"Odyssey"forwandering;butwhereisthegreatdomesticepic?Yetitisbutcommonplacetosaythatpassionsmayrageroundatea-tablewhichwouldnothavemisbecomemendashingatoneanotherinwarchariots;andevolutionsofpatienceandtemperareperformedatthefireside,worthytobecomp
2、aredwiththeRetreatoftheTenThousand.Menhaveworshipedsomefantasticbeingforlivingaloneinawilderness;butsocialmartyrdomplacenosaintsuponthecalendar.1《伊利亚特》是战争史诗,《奥德赛》是冒险史诗,生活史诗又在何处呢?虽然有,但人们司空见惯,认为平淡无奇。比方说茶桌上发生的争执,然而,盛怒燎原可能会演变成男人们驾着战车相互对峙;篝火旁人群集中,产生并进化出了耐心和脾性,这一过程堪比《远征记》里的万人
3、大撤退,都是非凡的事情。人类崇敬那些在荒郊野外独立生存的人,可是历史大事记上却没有因社交生活痛苦而记载(留名史册)的圣贤。 2 Wemayblindourselvestoitifwelike,butthehatredsanddisguststhattherearebehindfriendship,relationship,service,and,indeed,proximityofallkinds,isoneofthedarkestspotsuponearth.Thevariousrelationsoflife,whichbring
4、peopletogether,cannot,asweknow,beperfectlyfulfilledexceptinastatewheretherewill,perhaps,benooccasionforanyofthem.Itisnoharm,however,toendeavortoseewhetherthereareanymethodswhichmaketheserelationsintheleastdegreemoreharmoniousnow.如果愿意我们可以视而不见,但是隐藏在友谊、恋爱、服务关系乃至几乎一切人与人关系背后
5、的嫌恶敌意,是地球上最黑暗的污点之一。众所周知,生活中将人们聚集在一起的各种关系,除非没有任何意外,否则都不会完全令人满意。但是,努力寻找是否有什么方法使关系变得更加和谐,还是有益无害的。 3 Inthefirstplace,ifpeoplearetolivehappilytogether,theymustnotfancy,becausetheyarethrowntogethernow,thatalltheirliveshavebeenexactlysimilaruptothepresenttime,thattheystartede
6、xactlyalike,andthattheyaretobeforthefutureofthesamemind.Athoroughconvictionofthedifferenceofmenisthegreatthingtobeassuredofinsocialknowledge:itistolifewhatNewton'slawistoastronomy.Sometimesmenhaveaknowledgeofitwithregardtotheworldingeneral:theydonotexpecttheouterworldto
7、agreewiththeminallpoints,butarevexedatnotbeingabletodrivetheirowntastesandopinionsintothosetheylivewith.Diversitiesdistressthem.Theywillnotseethattherearemanyformsofvirtueandwisdom.Yetwemightaswellsay:"Whyallthesestars;whythisdifference;whynotallonestar?"首先,如果人们想幸福快乐地一起
8、生活,就一定不能想当然地认为,既然他们现在已经相遇并在一起了,那么过去到现在,他们的生活都是一样的,开端一样而且以后也会以一样的思维继续生活。在社交生活知识中,人与人之间存在差异是根本定论,就像牛顿定律是天文学的根本定律