定语从句基础讲解与专练

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1、定语从句的讲解一、概念定语从句也称形容词性从句，在整个句子中起定语的作用。定语从句通常置于它所修饰的名词和代词之后，这种名词和代词被称为先行词。引导定语从句的关联词为关系代词和关系副词。其中,关系代词有who,whom,whose,that,which等，在从句屮可作主语、宾语，定语等；关系副词when,where,why等词，在定语从句中只用作状语。二、关系代词引导的定语从句(%1)定语从句中有关系代词whowhomwhosewhichthatas(%1)关系代词的作用；1.连接主句和从句。2.代表被修

2、饰的先行词。3.在定语从句做一个句子成分。(%1)关系代词的用法1.That:代表的先行词为人或物，在从旬中做主语，宾语和表语。Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.HeisthemanthatisgoodatEnglish.Therearesomefilms(that)1'dliketosee.Heisn'ttheboythatheusedtobe.注意：lhal引导定语从句时：1)作宾语时that可省略。2)That前不可用介词。女口：Hisdog(that)Igavehimbecam

3、eillanddead.TheroominwhichIliveislarge.2.which:代表的先行词为物，在从句中做主语，宾语Thefilm(which)Isawlastnightwaswonderful.Thisisthebook(which)Iboughtyesterday.Guilinisacitywhichhasa200-yearhistory.注意：1)作宾语时，which可以省略。2)做介词的宾语时只用whichTheschool(that/which)heoncestudiedinis

4、veryfamous.==Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazine(that/which)youaskedfor.==fbmorrowIwillbringhereamagazineforwhichyouasked.3）Which也可以代替前面的一个句子或句中的一部分如：Hesaidhewasinvited,whichwasalie.TaiWanispartofchina,whichweallknow.

5、1.who;:代表的先行词为人，在从句中做主语和宾语。Whereisthemanwhowashere?Themanwhogavethespeechisourheadmaster.ThatisthemanwhoteachesusEnglish・HeisthemanwhoIspoketo.2.whom:代表的先行词为人，在从句中做宾语.WhereisthemanwhomImetthismorning?Theman（你与之说话的）isaworke匚Shemarriedtheman（whom）shewasenga

6、gedto.Mr.Smith（whom）（你昨天见到的）isafriendofmine.3.whose;代表的先行词为人或物，在从句中做定语。Isawthemanwhosefaceisred.Thisisthewindowwhoseglassisbroken.Iborrowedabookwhosewriterisafarmer.Nobodywantsthehouse（房顶塌了的）Thisistheteacher（她的名字已为人所知）注：指物还可以用ofwhich互换Theclassroomwhosedoo

7、risbrokenwillsoonberepaired.==Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.Doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow?==Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?关系代词的使用所指在从句中作主语动词宾语定语人Who/thatWhom/who（informal）/that/....Whose物That/whichThat/whichWhose/...o

8、fwhich6•关系代词that和which的区别⑴只能用that的情况1）如果先等词被最高级修饰，关系代词常用that,不用whichoThisisthebestfilm（我曾经看过的）Thetallesttree（我发现的）isthis.2）如果先等词被序数词修饰，关系代词常川that,不川whichoThisisthefirstbook（用英语写的）3）如果先行词是all,much,anything,something,