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1、TEN50ANALYSILeonidPLebedevMichaelJCloudTENS0RANALYSISTENS0RANALYSISPublishedbyWorldScientificPublishingCo.Pte.Ltd.5TohTnckLink,Singapore596224USAoffice:Suite202,1060MainStreet,RiverEdge,NJ07661UKoffice:57SheltonStreet,CoventGarden,LondonWC2H9HBBritishLib
2、raryCataloguing-in-PoblicationDataAcatalogue:reco~dforthisbook1SavailablefromtheBritishLibrary.TENsonANALYSISCopyright©2003byWorldScientificPublishingCo.Pte.Ltd.AUrightsteserved.Thisbook.orparI.!thereof,may1Iotbereproducedinanyformorbyanymeans.eteclronic
3、ormechanical,includingphotocopying,recordingorallyitiformationstorageandretrievalsystemnowknownortobeinllented,withoutwritlenpennissionfromthePublillher.Fnrphotncopyingofmaterialintbisvolume,pleasepaya.copyingfeethroughtheCopyrightClearanceCenter,Jnn.,22
4、2RosewoodDrive,Danvers,MA01923,USA.Inthiscasepermission-tophotQCopyisnotrequiredfromthepublisher.[SBN981-238-360-3PrintedInSingaporebyWo~dScientificPrinters(5)PteLtdForewordEveryscienceelaboratestoolsforthedescriptionofitsobjectsofstudy.Inclassicalmechan
5、icsWemakeextensiveuseofvectorialquantities:forces,moments,positions~velocities~momenta.Confiningourselvestoasinglecoordinateframe,wecanregardavectorasafixedcolumnmatrix.Thedefinitivetraitofavectorquantity,however,isitsobjectivity;avectordoesnotdependonou
6、rchoiceofcoordinatefrarne.ThismeWlSthatassoonasthecomponentsofaforcearespecifiedinOneframe,thecomponentsofthatforcerelativetoanyotherframecanbefoundthroughtheuseofappropriatetransformationrules.Butvectorquantitiesalonedonotsufficeforthedescriptionofcon•t
7、inuummedia.Thestressandstrainatapointinsideabodyarealsoobjectivequantities;however,thespecificationofeachoftheserelativetoa.givenframerequiresasquarematrixofelements.Underchangesoffrarnetheseelementstransformaccordingtorulesdifferentfromthosementionedabo
8、ve.Stressandstrainareexamplesoftensorsofthesecondrank.Wecouldgoontociteotherobjectivequantitiesthatoccurinthemechanicsofcontinua.ThesetofelasticmoduliassociatedwithHooke'slawCom•priseatensorofthefourthrank;assuch,thesemodu
