蛋白质组学研究的应用

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1、蛋白质组学研究技术及其在生命科学研究中的应用一、基因组、转录组和蛋白质组二、蛋白质组学的研究技术三、蛋白质组学研究的应用（个案举例）Genomes,TranscriptomesandProteomes1GenomeExpressioninOutline2TheRNAContentoftheCell3TheProteinContentoftheCell1GenomeExpressioninOutlineStageofgenomeexpressionAccessingthegenomeAssemblyofthetranscriptioninitiationco

2、mplexSynthesisofRNAProcessingofRNARNAdegradationAssemblyofthetranslationinitiationcomplexProteinsynthesisProteinfoldingandproteinprocessingProteindegratation2TheRNAContentoftheCellAtypicalbacteriumcontains0.05-0.10pgofRNA,makingupabout6%ofitstotalweight.Amammaliancell,beingmuchlar

3、ger,20-30pginall,butthisrepresentsonly1%ofthecellasawhole.ThetranscriptomeisjustthecodingRNA,mostofthecellularRNAdoesnotfallintothiscategorybecauseitisnon-coding2.1Codingandnon-codingRNAAsshowninFig.3.3,theprimarydivisionisbetweencodingRNAandnon-codingRNA.ThecodingRNAcomprisesthet

4、ranscriptomeandismadeupofjustoneclassmolecule:mRNAsTranscriptomemiRNAmRNA----RNAediting2.2ProcessingofprecursorRNAtRNA,rRNAThemRNAsresultingfrombotheditingandalternativesplicingoftendisplaytissuespecificity,theprocessingeventsincreasingthecodingcapabilitiesofthegenomewithoutthereq

5、uirementforanincreasedgenenumber.2.3ThetranscriptomeThetranscriptomemakesuplessthan4%ofthetotalcellRNA,butitisthemostsignificantcomponent;Thetranscriptomeisneversynthesizeddenovo,transcriptomedoesnotresultinsynthesisofthetranscriptomebutinsteadmaintainsthetranscriptomebyreplacingm

6、RNAsthathavebeendegraded,andbringsaboutchangestothecompositionofthetranscriptomeviatheswitchingonandoffofdifferentsetsofgenes;3)EachmRNAmakesuponlyasmallfraction,rarelymorethan1%ofthetotalmRNA;4)Relativelyeasytodeterminethecompositionofatranscriptome.Studiesoftheyeasttranscriptome

7、Science(1997)278:680mRNAsarebeingdegradedandre-synthesizedallthetime,butthecompositionoftheyeasttranscriptomeundergoesverylittlechangeSignificantalternationstothetranscriptomeareseenonlywhentheglucoseinthegrowthmediumbecomesdepleted19up700up/1000downScience(1998)282:699250mRNAup15

8、8mRNAup61mRNAup5mRNAup;600mRNAdow