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1、JournalofVLSISignalProcessing39,295–311,2005c2005SpringerScience+BusinessMedia,Inc.ManufacturedinTheNetherlands.Parallel-BeamBackprojection:AnFPGAImplementationOptimizedforMedicalImagingMIRIAMLEESER,SRDJANCORIC,ERICMILLERANDHAIQIANYUDepartmentofElectricala
2、ndComputerEngineering,NortheasternUniversity,Boston,MA02115,USAMARCTREPANIERMercuryComputerSystems,Inc.,Chelmsford,MA01824,USAReceivedSeptember2,2003;RevisedMarch23,2004;AcceptedMay7,2004Abstract.Medicalimageprocessingingeneralandcomputerizedtomography(CT)i
3、nparticularcanbenefitgreatlyfromhardwareacceleration.Thisapplicationdomainismarkedbycomputationallyintensivealgorithmsrequiringtherapidprocessingoflargeamountsofdata.Todate,reconfigurablehardwarehasnotbeenappliedtotheimportantareaofimagereconstruction.Foreffic
4、ientimplementationandmaximumspeedup,fixed-pointimplementationsarerequired.Theassociatedquantizationerrorsmustbecarefullybalancedagainsttherequirementsofthemedicalcommunity.Specifically,caremustbetakensothatverylittleerrorisintroducedcomparedtofloating-pointimp
5、lementationsandthevisualqualityoftheimagesisnotcompromised.Inthispaper,wepresentanFPGAimplementationoftheparallel-beambackprojectionalgorithmusedinCTforwhichalloftheserequirementsaremet.Weexploreanumberofquantizationissuesarisinginbackprojectionandconcentra
6、teonminimizingerrorwhilemaximizingefficiency.Ourimplementationshowsapproximately100timesspeedupoversoftwareversionsofthesamealgorithmrunningona1GHzPentium,andismoreflexiblethananASICimplementation.OurFPGAimplementationcaneasilybeadaptedtobothmedicalsensorswit
7、hdifferentdynamicrangesaswellastomographicscannersemployedinawiderrangeofapplicationareasincludingnondestructiveevaluationandbaggageinspectioninairportterminals.Keywords:backprojection,medicalimaging,tomography,FPGA,fixedpointarithmetic1.Introductionandunexp
8、loitedformanymainstreamapplications.Inthispaper,weconsideradetailedimplementa-Reconfigurablehardwareofferssignificantpotentialtionandcomprehensiveanalysisofoneofthemostfortheefficientimplementationofawide
