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时间:2019-11-27
《美国调整军事航天器的发展策略》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。
1、V01.23No.3航天器工程第23卷第3期98SPACECRAFTENGINEERING2014年6月美国调整军事航天器的发展策略王景泉(北京空间科技信息研究所,北京100086)摘要美国对军事航天器的依赖性不断增强,也面临着航天器越来越长的研制周期和越来越高的研制成本,因此,改变军事航天器的发展策略成为当务之急。美国为提升战场实战能力正在进行发展思路的战略性调整,主要包括:拓展搭载军事有效载荷的途径;推进将大型卫星有效载荷拆分成小卫星的模式;开发分布式军事太空系统结构;对运载资源挖潜;优化商业模式实现业务拓展。对已有卫星的后续系统,进行规模改造与能力提升途径的调整,主要
2、包括:对于军事通信卫星,扩大宽带或“超高频”(SHF)系统,突出窄带或“特高频”(UHF)系统及“先进极高频”(AEHF)系统;分步升级GPS的地面部分,将GPS一3提升为国家关键基础设施;确保导弹预警卫星系统重点。在开发新系统时,美国注重提高效能和降低成本,发展有效的支持能力和低成本小卫星系统,提高低成本机动发射和快速进入太空的能力,并以轨道资源利用为目的开拓新途径。关键词军事航天器;发展策略;调整动因;有效载荷搭载;分类调整中图分类号:v47文献标志码:ADOI:10.3969/j.issn.1673—8748.2014.03.018AdjustmentofDevelo
3、pmentStrategyofAmericanMilitarySpacecraftWANGJingquan(BeijingInstituteofSpaceScientificandTechnologicalInformation,Beijing100086,China)Abstract:TheUnitedStatesofAmericadependsheavilyuponthemilitaryspacecraft,andiscon—frontedwithalongerdevelopmentperiodandhighercost.Itisamorepressingproblem
4、fortheUSAtochangethedevelopmentstrategyofthemilitaryspacecraft.TheUSAadjustsitsdevelop—mentstrategyideas,includingexpandingthewaystocarrythemilitarypayloads,developingthemodeofdecomposinglargesatellitepayloadintosmallsatellites,developingdistributedarchitec—tureofmilitaryspacesystems,explo
5、itingthepotentiallaunchingresources,andrealizingthebusinessdevelopmentbyoptimizingthecommercialmodes.TheUSAadjuststheapproachesinchangingthescaleandimprovingthecapabilitiesofthefollow—upsystemsofexistingsatellites,includingenlargingthewidebandandSHFsystems,emphasizingthenarrowband,UHFandAE
6、HFsystems,steppingupGPSgroundsegments,advancingGPS-3asnationalkeyinfrastruc—ture,andinsuringtheemphasesofmissileearly—warningsatellitessystems.Whendevelopingthenewspacecraftsystems,Americafocusesonincreasingefficiencyandreducingcost,developingtheeffectivesupportabilityandlow—costsmallsatel
7、litesystems,improvingthecapabilityoflow—costandmobilelaunchandrapidaccess,anddevelopingnewapproachesfororbitresourcesutilization.Keywords:militaryspacecraft;developmentstrategy;adjustingcause;carryingpayload;classi—ficationadjustment收稿日期:2013—08—08;修回日期:2014—0
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