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1、TheRenaissance Humanism阮君2011年12月15日TherenaissanceandtheHumanismRenaissancesprangasaresultofrediscoveryandrestudyoftheGreekandRomancivilizationwhichisbasedontheconceptionthatthemanisthemeasureofallthings,theman-centeredculture.TheRenaissancewasmarkedby
2、thespreadofhumanism.Humanismisthekeynote(thegreatspirit)ofRenaissance.人文主义是欧洲文艺复兴运动时期出现的一种资产阶级的世界观，是文艺复兴的指导思想，强调人的自然本性、价值、自由意志、世俗生活和世俗教育TheoriginofHumanismRenaissancehumanismwasanactivityofculturalandeducationalreformengagedbyscholars,writers,andcivicle
3、aderswhoaretodayknownasRenaissancehumanists.Itdevelopedduringthefourteenthandthebeginningofthefifteenthcenturies,andwasaresponsetothechallengeofmedievalscholasticeducation,emphasizingpractical,pre-professionalandpre-scientificstudies.Themaincentersofhum
4、anismwereFlorenceandNaples(那不勒斯).Ratherthantrainprofessionalsinjargonandstrictpractice,humanistssoughttocreateacitizenry(sometimesincludingwomen)abletospeakandwritewitheloquenceandclarity.Thus,theywouldbecapableofbetterengagingtheciviclifeoftheircommuni
5、tiesandpersuadingotherstovirtuousandprudentactions.Thiswastobeaccomplishedthroughthestudyofthestudiahumanitatis（人文学科）,todayknownasthehumanities:grammar,rhetoric,history,poetryandmoralphilosophy.Earlyhumanists,suchasPetrarch(彼特拉克),ColuccioSalutati(科卢乔•萨卢
6、塔蒂)andLeonardoDeVinci(达芬奇),weregreatcollectorsofantiquemanuscripts.ManyworkedfortheorganizedChurchandwereinholyorders(likePetrarch),whileotherswerelawyersandchancellorsofItaliancities,likePetrarch'sdisciple,Salutati,theChancellorofFlorence,andthushadacc
7、esstobookcopyingworkshops...FrancescoPetrarca彼特拉克（1304—1374）PetrarcaistraditionallycalledthefatherofHumanismandconsideredbymanytobethe“fatheroftheRenaissance.”提出“人学”对抗“神学”被誉为“人文主义之父”WhatishumanismContrarytothesubordination(附属)ofindividualstothefeudalrul
8、esandthesacrificeofearthlylifeforafuturelifeinthemedievalsociety,Renaissancehumanistsfoundintheclassicsajustificationtoexalthumannatureandcametoseethathumanbeingsweregloriouscreaturescapableofindividualdevelopmentforperfection.By
