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1、文学专业术语LiteraryTerms1.Literatureoftheabsurd:（荒诞»丘文学）Thetermisappliedtoanumberofworksindramaandprosefictionwhichhaveincommonthesensethatthehumanconditionisessentiallyabsurd,andthatthisconditioncanbeadequatelyrepresentedonlyinworksofliteraturethatarethem
2、selvesabsurd.ThecurrentmovementemergedinFranceaftertheSecondWorldWar,asarebellionagainstessentialbeliefsandvaluesoftraditionalcultureandtraditionalliterature.Theyholdthebeliefthatahumanbeingisanisolatedexistentwhoiscastintoanalienuniverseandthehumanli
3、feinitsfruitlesssearchforpurposeandmeaningisbothanguishandabsurd・2.Theateroftheabsurd:（j；£诞派戏并0）belongstoliteratureoftheabsurd・TworepresentativesofthisschoolarcEugeneIonesco,FrenchauthorofTheBaldSoprano（1949）（此作品中文译名v秃头歌女＞）,andSamuelBeckett,Irishautho
4、rofWaitingforGodot（1954）（此作品是荒诞派戏剧代农作v等待戈多〉）•Theyprojecttheirrationalism,helplessnessandabsurdityoflifeindramaticformsthatrejectrealisticsettings,logicalreasoning,oracoherentlyevolvingplot.3.Blackcomedyorblackhumor:（黑色［鋼默）itmostlyemployedtodescribebal
5、eful,na&iumkve,orineptcharactersinafantasticornightmarishmodernworldplayingouttheirrolesinwhatIonescocalleda"tragicfarce",inwhichtheeventsareoftensimultaneouslycomic,horrifying,andabsurd.JosephHeller'sCatch-22（美国著名作家约瑟夫海勒v二十二条军规〉）canbetakenasanexample
6、oftheemploymentofthistechnique.4.AestheticismortheAestheticMovement（唯美主义）:itbegantoprevailinEuropeatthemiddleofthe19thcentury・Thetheoryof"artforart'ssake"wasfirstputforwardbysomeFrenchartists.Theydeclaredthatartshouldservenoreligious,moralorsocialpurp
7、ose・ThetwomostimportantrepresentativesofaestheticistsinEnglishliteratureareWaltPaterandOscarWilde・5.Allegory（寓言）:ataleinverseorproseinwhichcharacters,actions,orsettingsrepresentabstractideasormoralqualities,suchasJohnBunyan'sThePilgrim'sProgress.Anall
8、egoryisastorywithtwomeanings,aliteralmeaningandasymbolicmeaning.6.Fable（寓言）:isashortnarrative,inproseorverse,thatexemplifiesanabstractmoralthesisorprincipleofhumanbehavior.Mostcommonisthebeastfable,inwhichanimalstalkandactlikethehumantypesthey
