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1、Bigtable:ADistributedStorageSystemforStructuredDataFayChang,JeffreyDean,SanjayGhemawat,WilsonC.Hsieh,DeborahA.WallachMikeBurrows,TusharChandra,AndrewFikes,RobertE.Gruberffay,jeff,sanjay,wilsonh,kerr,m3b,tushar,kes,gruberg@google.comGoogle,Inc.Abstractach
2、ievedscalabilityandhighperformance,butBigtableprovidesadifferentinterfacethansuchsystems.BigtableBigtableisadistributedstoragesystemformanagingdoesnotsupportafullrelationaldatamodel;instead,itstructureddatathatisdesignedtoscaletoaverylargeprovidesclientsw
3、ithasimpledatamodelthatsupportssize:petabytesofdataacrossthousandsofcommoditydynamiccontroloverdatalayoutandformat,andal-servers.ManyprojectsatGooglestoredatainBigtable,lowsclientstoreasonaboutthelocalitypropertiesoftheincludingwebindexing,GoogleEarth,and
4、GoogleFi-datarepresentedintheunderlyingstorage.Dataisin-nance.TheseapplicationsplaceverydifferentdemandsdexedusingrowandcolumnnamesthatcanbearbitraryonBigtable,bothintermsofdatasize(fromURLstostrings.Bigtablealsotreatsdataasuninterpretedstrings,webpagesto
5、satelliteimagery)andlatencyrequirementsalthoughclientsoftenserializevariousformsofstruc-(frombackendbulkprocessingtoreal-timedataserving).turedandsemi-structureddataintothesestrings.ClientsDespitethesevarieddemands,Bigtablehassuccessfullycancontroltheloca
6、lityoftheirdatathroughcarefulprovidedaexible,high-performancesolutionforallofchoicesintheirschemas.Finally,Bigtableschemapa-theseGoogleproducts.Inthispaperwedescribethesim-rametersletclientsdynamicallycontrolwhethertoservepledatamodelprovidedbyBigtable,w
7、hichgivesclientsdataoutofmemoryorfromdisk.dynamiccontroloverdatalayoutandformat,andwede-scribethedesignandimplementationofBigtable.Section2describesthedatamodelinmoredetail,andSection3providesanoverviewoftheclientAPI.Sec-tion4brieydescribestheunderlyingG
8、oogleinfrastruc-1IntroductiontureonwhichBigtabledepends.Section5describesthefundamentalsoftheBigtableimplementation,andSec-Overthelasttwoandahalfyearswehavedesigned,tion6describessomeoftherenementsthatwemadeimpleme
