《论文_肥料发展与科学施用探讨(定稿)》

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1、肥料发展与科学施用探讨湖北省黄冈市土壤肥料工作站胡政权摘要：论述了肥料现状、产业的发展趋势以及使用过量对农业生态环境质量的负面影响，提出从肥料生产及科学施肥等方面防治环境污染的对策。认为过量施用化肥引起土壤酸化和结构破坏、重金属污染、水域污染、空气污染和农产品品质下降，严重影响人类生存环境，肥料生产必须向优质高效方向发展，提高有效养分含量，减少附属有害物质含量，采用缓释、控释技术提高肥料利用率，从源头上减少有害物质的投入。在肥料的使用过程中，大力推广测土配方施肥，采用科学的施肥方法提高肥料利用率，增施有机肥，提高土壤保水保肥能力，避免盲目过量肥料投入引起资源浪费与环

2、境污染，在肥料利用率、作物产量、产品品质、经济效益、生态环境之间寻求平衡，实现农业可持续发展。关键词：肥料；土壤；作物；污染；安全；对策FertilizerdevelopmentandscienceemploymentdiscussionZHENGQuan-huSoilandFertilizerWorkstationHuanggangCity,HubciProvinceAbstract:Elaboratedthefertilizerpresentsituation,theindustrialtrendofdevelopmentaswellastheuseexcess

3、ivetotheagricultureecologicalenvironmentqualitynegativeinfluence,proposedthatappliesfertilizerandsoonaspectsfromthefertilizerproductionandthesciencetopreventandcontroltheenvironmentalpollutionthecountermeasure.Thoughtthattheexcessiveemploymentchemicalfertilizercausesthesoilacidificatio

4、nandthedisarrangementofthestructure,theheavymetalpollution,thewaterpollution,theairpollutionandtheagriculturalproductqualitydrops,theseriousinfluencehumanitylivingenvironment,thefertilizerproductionmustdeveloptothehighqualityhighlyeffectivedirection,raisestheavailablenutrientcontent,re

5、ducestheattacheddeleterioussubstancecontent,usestheslowrelease,tocontrolreleasesthetechnologytoraisethefertilizerusefactor,reducesthedeleterioussubstancefromthesourcetheinvestment.Inthefertilizeruseprocess,promotesvigorouslymeasuredthattheearthformulaappliesfertilizer,usesthesciencetoa

6、pplyfertilizerthemethodtoraisethefertilizerusefactor,increasesexecutestheorganicfertilizer,improvesoilabilitytoretainwaterandnutrients,avoidstheblindexcessivefertilizerinvestmentcausingtheresourceswasteandtheenvironmentalpollution,betweenthefertilizerusefactor,thecropoutput,theproductq

7、uality,theeconomicefficiency,theecologicalenvironmentseeksbalanced,Achievesustainabledevelopmentinagriculture・keyword:Fertilizer;Soil;Crops;Pollution;Safe;Countermeasure化肥最早是1840年德国科学家李比希在总结前人研究成果的基础上，批判了腐质营养学说而提出矿质营养学说。1843年，第一种化学肥料一一过磷酸钙在英国诞生，1870年德国生产出钾肥，20世纪初合成氨研制成功。我国早在西周时就已知道田间