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1、外文原文:IntroductiontoroboticstechnologyTnthemanufacturingfield,robotdevelopmenthasfocusedonengineeringroboticarmsthatperformmanufacturingprocesses.Inthespaceindustry,roboticsfocusesonhighlyspecialized,one-of-kindplanetaryrovers.Unlikeahighlyautomatedmanufact
2、uringplant,aplanetaryroveroperatingonthedarksideofthemoon一-withoutradiocommunication--mightrunintounexpectedsituations.Ataminimum,aplanetaryrovermusthavesomesourceofsensoryinput,somewayofinterpretingthatinput,andawayofmodifyingitsactionstorespondtoachangin
3、gworld.Furthermore,theneedtosenseandadapttoapartiallyunknownenvironmentrequiresintelligenee(inotherwords,artificialintel1igence).Mechanicalplatforms-thehardwarebaseArobotconsistsoftwomainparts:therobotbodyandsomeformofartificialintelligence(Al)system.Manyd
4、ifferentbodypartscanbecalledarobot.Articulatedarmsareusedinweldingandpainting;gantryandconveyorsystemsmovepartsinfactories;andgiantroboticmachinesmoveearthdeepinsidemines.Oneofthemostinterestingaspectsofrobotsingeneralistheirbehavior,whichrequiresaformofin
5、telligence.Thesimplestbehaviorofarobotislocomotion.Typically,wheelsareusedastheunderlyingmechanismtomakearobotmovefromonepointtothenext.Andsomeforcesuchaselectricityisrequiredtomakethewheelsturnundercommand.MotorsAvarietyofelectricmotorsprovidepowertorobot
6、s,allowingthemtomovematerial,parts,tools,orspecializeddeviceswithvariousprogrammedmotions.Theefficiencyratingofamotordescribeshowmuchoftheelectricityconsumedisconvertedtomechanicalenergy.Let'stakealookatsomeofthemechanicaldevicesthatarecurrentlybeingusedin
7、modernroboticstechnology.Drivin百mechanismsGearsandchains:Gearsandchainsaremechanicalplatformsthatprovideastrongandaccuratewaytotransmitrotarymotionfromoneplacetoanother,possiblychangingitalongtheway.Thespeedchangebetweentwogearsdependsuponthenumberofteetho
8、neachgear.Whenapoweredgeargoesthroughaful1rotation,itpullsthechainbythenumberofteethonthatgear.Pulleysandbelts:Pulleysandbelts,twoothertypesofmechanicalplatformsusedinrobots,workthesamewayasgearsandchains.Pul