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1、本文主要对利用废食用油制备生物柴油的预酯化一酯交换工艺进行了研究。通过预酯化的单因素实验,考察了乙醇用量、催化剂浓硫酸用量、反应吋间及反应温度对酯化率的影响趋势。通过酯交换的单凶素实验,考察了乙醇用量、催化剂氮氧化钾用量、反应时间和反应温度对粗生物柴油产率的影响趋势,确定了利用废食用油制备生物柴油的最佳工艺条件。预酯化的实验结果表明,其最佳工艺条件为:乙醇用量为80mL>催化剂浓硫酸用量为lg、反应时间为3h、反应温度为70°C。酯交换的实验结果表明,其最佳工艺条件为:乙醇用量为60mL、催化剂氢氧化钾用量lg、反
2、应时间为40min、反应温度为70°C。在此条件下可使50mL废食用汕的酸值由40.27mgKOH/g降到1.52mgKOH/g,粗生物柴油的产率可达到93.71%,达到了预期的效果。采用预酯化一酯交换工艺,利用废食用油制备生物柴油,具有产率高、成木低的优点,在废食用汕资源化方面前景广阔。关键词:废食用油,生物柴油,预酯化,酯交换,酸值AbstractWastecookingoilareusedtoproducebiodieselsbypre-esterificationandtransesterification
3、havebeenstudiedinthisstudy.Throughsinglefactorexperimentofpre-esterification,ethanoldosage,catalystsulfuricaciddosage,reactiontemperatureandreactiontimeontheesterificationrateoftrendsisdetermined.Throughsinglefactorexperimentoftransesterification,ethanoldosage
4、,catalystpotassiumhydroxidedosage,reactiontemperatureandreactiontimeonthetheproductivityofcrudebiodieseloftrendswasdetermined,andidentifytheoptimumconditionsofwastecookingoilusedtoproducebiodiesels.Theexperimentalresultsofpre-esterificationshowthatthepre-ester
5、ificationoptimumconditions:ethanoljoinamountof80mL,catalystconcentratedsulfuricacidjoinamountof1g,thebestreactiontimeis3h,theoptimumreactiontemperatureis70°C.Theexperimentalresultsoftransesterificationshowthatthetransesterificationoptimumconditions:ethanoljoin
6、amountof60mL,catalystpotassiumhydroxidejoinamountof1g,thebestreactiontimewas40min,theoptimumreactiontemperatureis70°C.Underthiscondition,theacidvalueof50mLwastecookingoildeclinefrom40.27mgKOH/gto1.52mgKOH/g,crudebiodieselyieldupto93.71%,andreachedthedesiredgoa
7、l.Wastecookingoilareusedtoproducebiodieselsbypre-esterificationandtransesterificationwiththeadvantageofhighyieldandlowcost,inaspectofwastecookingoilresourceswithbroadprospects-Keywords:Wastecookingoil,Biodiesel,Pre-esterification,Transesterification,Acidvalue第
8、1章绪论11.1研究背景与意义11.2废食用油概述11.2.1废食用油的来源、11.2.2废食用汕的危害21.2.3废食用油的处理现状31.3生物柴油概述4131生物柴汕的定义41.3.2生物柴油的特点41.3.3生物柴油的研究现状51.4废食用汕制备生物柴汕的方法51.4.1直接混合法61.4.2微乳化法61.4.3热裂解法为61.4.4酯交换法61.4.