青海输油管道运行优化研究

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1、青海输油管道运行优化研究摘要：易凝高粘的汕品当其凝点高于管道周围环境温度，或在环境温度下汕流粘度很高时，不能直接采用等温输送的方法。油流过高的粘度使管道的压力剧增，往往工程上难以实现或不经济、不安全，故必须采用降凝、降粘等措施。加热输送是口前最常用的方法。对于输汕计划已定的热汕管道，输汕能耗主要包括输汕泵的动力费用和加热炉的燃料费用。在保证安全及时完成输油任务的前提下，如何使输油总能耗达到最小，对于降低企业输油成木具有非常重要的意义。以降低能耗为口的，以热力费用与动力费用之和最小为目标函数，建立了长输热汕管道优化运行模型。根据所建模型编辑相应软件，为加热原油的长距离优化输送提供了决策依据。以

2、花■格线作为研究对象，编制计算机程序模拟分析了花■格各站在不同季节的进、出站油温，进而对其进行运行优化。通过模拟分析，为花■格线的安全、经济运行提供技术指导。关键词：输油管道；工艺计算；优化设计；优化程序OptimizationDesignofQinghaiTransmissionPipelineAbstract:forhigh-frcczing-pointandviscouscrudes,whenitsfreezingpointisabovethetemperatureofthesurroundingenvironment,orwhenitsviscosityisveryhighatthe

3、temperatureofthesurroundingenvironment,themethodofisothermaltransportationisnotapplicableanymore.Theexcessivelyhighviscosityofcnidcmakethepressureofpipelineincreasesharply,whichmakesthepipelineoperationdifficult,diseconomyandunsafe.Therefore,theprocessesforreducingthefreezingpointandviscosityhaveto

4、beused.Heatedoilpipeliningisnowthecommonestmethod・Totheheatedcrudeoilpipelinewhosetransportationplanisfixed,thecostofoiltransportationconsistsofpowerconsumptioncostofoilpumpandfuelcostoffirefumace.Itisimportanttodecreasethecostofoiltransportationunderthepremiseofaccomplishingsafelyandtimelytranspor

5、tingtaskandmakingthetotalconsumptionminimal.Todecreaseenergyconsumption,takingtheminimalsumofthermalenergyconsumptionandpowerconsumptionastheobjectivefunction,arunningmodeloflongdistanceheatedcnidcoilpipelinewassetup.Accordingtothemodel,acorrespondingsoftwarehasbeenprogrammedwhichprovidesadecision-

6、makingbasicforoptimizingtransmissionoflongdistanceheatedcrudeoilpipeline.ForthelinebetweenHuaTuGouandGeErMu,simulateandoptimizetheinandouttemperatureofthestations.Thesimulationanalysisprovidesmoredetailsandsuggestionsfortheoperationofthisline・Keyword:oiltransmissionpipeline;processcalculation;optim

7、izationdesign;optimizationprogram1绪论11」研究的口的和意义11.2国内外的发展现状11.3论文研究的内容22热油管道的工艺计算32.1热油管道的温降计算32.1.1加热输送的特点32.1.2热油管道沿程温降计算32.1.3埋地管道总传热系数K值的选用102.2热由管道的摩阻计算112.2.1热油管道摩阻计算的特点112.2.2计算热由管道摩阻的方法112.2.3热油管道摩阻