英语专业八级人文知识必背

《英语专业八级人文知识必背》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在工程资料-天天文库。

1、2010英语专业八级人文知识必背1.ATaleofTwoCitieswaswrittenbyCharlesDickens.2.Phonology:Thestudyofspeechsoundsinlanguageoralanguagewithreferencetotheirdistributionandpatterningandtotacitrulesgoverningpronunciation.音位学；在语言或一门语言中，对有关其分类和模式以及为大家所默认的发音规则的研究音韵学，音系学3-Syntax:Thes

2、tudyoftheruleswherebywordsorotherelementsofsentencestructurearecombinedtoformgrammaticalsentences.句法，刃F究i司或其它句子成分如何联合起来形成合乎语法的句子规则的学科4.Semantics:Thestudyorscienceofmeaninginlanguagefornis•语义学，以语言形式表示意思的研究或科学5.acronym:首字母组合词，首字母缩略词，比如，NATO,UNESCO,BASIC,它们可以连拼

3、，但VOA是Initialismo6.Metonymy:Afigureofspeechinwhichonewordorphraseissubstitutedforanotherwithwhichitiscloselyassociated,asintheuseofWashingtonfortheUnitedStatesgovernmentoroftheswordformilitarypower.换喻或转喻，一种，一个词或词组被另一个与之有紧密联系的词或词组替换的修辞方法，如用华盛顿代替美二=或用剑代替军事力量，对

4、面来了三个“红领巾"也是，以红领巾指代少先队员。7.Simile:Afigureofspeechinwhichtwoessentiallyunlikethingsarecompared,ofteninaphraseintroducedbylikeoras,asinHowlikethewinterhathmyabsencebeenorSoareyoutomythoughtsasfoodtolife(Shakespeare)o明喻，一种修辞手法，把两种基木不相像的东西进行比较，通常在由like或as引导的短语中，如

5、“我的离开好象是冬天来临"或“你对我的思想就象食物对于生命一样重要”(莎士比亚)8.Metaphor:Afigureofspeechinwhichawordorphrasethatordinarilydesignatesonethingisusedtodesignateanother,thusmakinganimplicitcomparison,asinaseaoftroublesorAlltheworld'sastage(Shakespeare)隐卩俞一种语言表达手法，通常用指某物的词或词组来指代他物，从而暗

6、示它们之间的相似之处，如“忧愁之海''或“整个世界一台戏”（莎士比亚）theshipofdesert沙漠之舟9.Oxymoron:Arhetoricalfigureinwhichincongruousorcontradictorytermsarecombined,asinadeafeningsilenceandamournfuloptimist.矛盾彳修饰法，一种把互相矛盾或不调和的词合在一起的修辞手法，如在震耳欲聋的沉默和悲伤的乐观cruelkindness10・Theaffectionnamegivento

7、theclocktoweroftheHousesofParliament,WestminsterisBigBen.11.JohnMiltonthepoetwroteofAdamandEve'sexpulsionfromtheGardenofEdeninParadiseLost.ParadiseRegainedwasalsowrittenbyhim.12.Sonnet:A14-lineverseformusuallyhavingoneofseveralconventionalrhymeschemes.十四行诗体，

8、一种由十四行组成的诗歌形式，通常有一种传统的押韵形式，莎士比亚用过此诗体。13.Slang:Akindoflanguageoccurringchieflyincasualandplayfulspeech,madeuptypicallyofshort-livedcoinagesandfiguresofspeechthataredeliberatelyusedinplaceofstanda