行政名著专业外语重点单词

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1、单词整理1.官僚机构，官僚组织制度：bureaucracy2.政府公司：governmentcorporation3.中立能力：neutralcompetence4.繁文绸节，官样文章:redtape5.冋应性：responsiveness6.宽容：tolerance7.垄断机构，“俘虏机构”:captiveagency8.客户代理,客户机构:clienteleagency9.铁三角:irontriangle10.考绩制，功绩制：meritsystem11.恩赐制，任免制：patronage12.反向歧视,逆向歧视：re

2、versediscrimination13.行政权力下放:administrationdecentralization14.团体迷思：groupthink15.私有化、民营化：privatization16.重塑政府：reinventinggovernment17.一揽子资助：blockgrants18.无条件资助,专项补贴：categoricalgrants19.津贴，权利：entitlement20.外部性：externalities21.魅力权威：charismaticauthority22.X理论：theoryX

3、23.丫理论：theoryY24.全面质量管理：totalqualitymanagement(TQM)25.追求最低要求的满意结果：satisfice26.关键路径法：criticalpathmethod(CPM)27.焦点团体:focusgroup1.管理主义：managerialism2.再造：reengineering3.利益相关者：stakeholders4.过程导向的：process-orientedmanagement5.结果导向的:results-orientedmanagement6.肯定行动，平民运动:

4、affirmativeaction7.公务员,文职机关：civilservice8.集体谈判权：collectivebargaining9.可比价值：comparableworth10.领导力:leadership11.特性理论:traittheory12.变革型领导：transformationalleadership13.正式沟通：formalcommunication14.非正式沟通：informalcommunication15.债务:debt16.赤字:deficit17.累进税：progressivetax1

5、8.递减税：regressivetax19.税式支出：taxexpenditure20.放松管理：deregulation21.新公共行政（管理）：newpublicmanagement名词解释1.Responsiveness:Theextenttowhichgovernmentreactsreadilytosuggestionsorappealsfromitscitizensasindividualsorgroupsorthroughinstitutions.2.Captiveagency:Anagencywhosep

6、ersonnelanddecisionmakersaredirectlyorindirectlyinflueneedbyoutsideinterestgroupsfromtheveryindustrytheagencyisrequiredtoregulateorserve.1.Meritsystem:Theselection,retention,andpromotionofpublicemployeesbasedoncompetitiveexaminationsorformaleducationalqualificati

7、ons.2.NIMBY:Theacronymfornotinmyyard;denotesoppositiontocertaingovernmentprogramsorfacilitiesdeemedundesirablebutthatareorcouldbelocatedinone'sneighborhoodorarea;typicalexamplesaresewage-treatmentplants,solid-wasterecyclingplants,andprisons.3.Patronage:Thepractic

8、eofawardinggovernmentjobsandcontractstofaithfulmembersofthepoliticalpartyinpower.4.Groupthink:Amodeofthinkingwithinacohesivegroup;apracticeengagedinbypeoplewho