2019年高考英语二轮专题卷阅读理解（8）

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1、2019年高考英语二轮专题卷阅读理解（8）DecisionmakingunderStressAnewreviewbasedonaresearchshowsthatacutestressaffectsthewaythebrainconsiderstheadvantagesanddisadvantages,causingittofocusonpleasureandignorethepossiblenegative(负面的)consequencesofadecision.Theresearchsuggeststhatstressmaychangethewaype

2、oplemakechoicesinpredictableways.“Stressaffectshowpeoplelearn，”saysProfessorMaraMather.“Peoplelearnbetteraboutpositivethannegativeoutesunderstress.”Forexample,tworecentstudieslookedathowpeoplelearnedtoconnectimages(影像)witheitherrewardsorpunishments.Inoneexperiment,someofthepartici

3、pantswerefirststressedbyhavingtogiveaspeechanddodifficultmathproblemsinfrontofanaudience;intheother,somewerestressedbyhavingtokeeptheirhandsinicewater.Inbothcases,thestressedparticipantsrememberedtherewardedmaterialmoreaccuratelyandthepunishedmateriallessaccuratelythanthosewhohadn

4、'tgonethroughthestress.Thisphenomenonislikelynotsurprisingtoanyonewhohastriedtoresisteatingcookiesorsmokingacigarettewhileunderstress—atthosemoments,onlythepleasureassociatedwithsuchactivitiesestomind.Butthefindingsfurthersuggestthatstressmaybringaboutadoubleeffect.Notonlyarerewar

5、dingexperiencesrememberedbetter,butnegativeconsequencesarealsoeasilyrecalled.Theresearchalsofoundthatstressappearstoaffectdecisionmakingdifferentlyinmenandwomen.Whilebothmenandwomentendtofocusonrewardsandlessonconsequencesunderstress,theirresponsestoriskturnouttobedifferent.Menwho

6、hadbeenstressedbythecoldwatertasktendedtotakemorerisksintheexperimentwhilewomenrespondedintheoppositeway.Instressfulsituationsinwhichrisktakingcanpayoffbig,menmaytendtodobetter;whencautionweighsmore,however,womenwillwin.Thistendencytoslowdownandbeemorecautiouswhendecisionsarerisky

7、mightalsohelpexplainwhywomenarelesslikelytobeeaddictedthanmen:theymaymoreoftenavoidmakingtheriskychoicesthateventuallyhardenintoaddiction.64．Wecanlearnfromthepassagethatpeopleunderpressuretendto________.A．keeprewardsbetterintheirmemoryB．recallconsequencesmoreeffortlesslyC．makerisk

8、ydecisionsmorefrequentlyD．learnas