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1、1・1MetalsandNonmetals倉属和II金屈Perhapsthemostcommonclassifidationthatisencounteredinmaterialsselectioniswhetherthematerialismetallicornonmetallic・Thecommonmetallicaresuchmetalsasiron,coppocaluminum,magnesium,nickel,titaniumandthealloysofthesemetals,suchassteelbrass
2、andbronze・Theypossessthemetallicpropertiesoflustecthermalconductivityandelectricalconductivity;theyarerelatively,ductileandsomeofthemhavegoodmagnetcproperties・Thecommonnonmetalsarewood,brick,concrete,glass,rubberandplastics・Theirpropertiesvarywidely,buttheygener
3、allytendtobelessductile,weakerandlessderisethanthemetals,andtheyhavenoelectricalconductivityandpoorthermalconductivity.翻译：也许在材料选择中遇到的眾常见的分类是材料是金属的还是非金风的。布见的金朋有铁.铜.铝.镁等金属&链、傑.钛和这些金属的合金・如钢.黄也和背期.它们貝有光泽.热导率和导电性的金隔性质，足一幷新型的金属材料。魁展性和部分54展性具有良好的磁性能.常见的非金属有木材.刃块、混板土、玻鯨
4、橡胶和塑料.它们的性威差别很大.但一般倾向于l・Ess貝冇疑展性.比金属更弱.也更少，没冇导电性能.导热性能牧差。1.MetalsandNonmetals金属和非金属FerrousMetals黑色金属NonferrousMetalsandAlloys冇色金廉和含金2.Metalsconsistingofironcombinedwithsomeotherelementsareknowsasferrousmetals;alltheothermetalsarecallednonferrousmetals.Themostimp
5、ortantnonferrousmetalsarecopper(CuLaluminum(AI)Jead(Pb),zinc(Zn),tin(Sn).由铁和其他尤索结合而成的金晨彼称为懸色金廉•所有其他金属都称为有色金属.城归要的有色金属是铜.铝.铅、锌、3.Mechanicalpropertiesarethecharacteristicresponsesofamaterialtoappliedforces.Thesepropertiesfallintofivebroadcategories:strength,hardne
6、ss,elasticity,ductility(plasticity)andtoughness・力学性能是材料对施加力的特性响应，这些性质分为五大类：强度.硬度.弹性.塑性和韧性。Strengthistheabilityofamaterialtoresistappliedforces・强度是材料抵抗作用力的能力’Hardnessistheabilityofamaterialtoresistpenetrationandabrasion.硬度足种材料的抗滲和耐磨能力。Elasticityistheabilitytospri
7、ngbacktooriginalshape.弹性是指能够弹回原来的形状。Ductility(plasticity)istheabilitytoundergopermanentchanges(plasticdeformation)ofshapewithoutrupturing.延展性(可塑性)足发生永久性变化的能力(塑性变形)而不破坏的形状。Toughnessistheabilitytoabsorbmechanicallyappliedenergy.韧性是吸收机械能的能力。4.Heattreatmentisamethod
8、usedtoalterthephysical,andsometimeschemical,propertiesofamaterials.热处理是用来改变材料的物理性质•有时战至足化学性质的方法5.727"Csteelisinasolidstatewithastructurecalledaustenite,orgammairon,as
