高产母猪的饲养策略8

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1、FeedingStrategiesforProlificSows高产母猪的饲养策略P.A.ThackerDepartmentofAnimalScienceUniversityofSaskatchewanSaskatoon,Saskatchewan加拿大萨斯喀砌温大学动物科学系中文翻译：美国ADM公司蔡永久ChangesintheSwineIndustry(1980-2005)养猪工业的变化(1980-2005)IncreasedReproductiveEfficiency提高繁殖率ReducedBac

2、kFatLevels降低背膘厚度EarlierWeaning早期断奶Muti-SiteProduction多点生产LargerOperations规模变大LowerProfitMargins利润空间变小FeedModernGenotypesDifferently现代基因型猪饲养与过去的不同ConserveBodyTissue体组织储备ConsequencesofPoorSowNutrition母猪营养缺乏的后果SmallerLitterSize窝重小IncreasedPigletMortality仔猪

3、死亡率增加LighterPigsatWeaning断奶体重轻LowerConceptionRates受精率低LongerWeaningtoRebreedingInterval断奶至下一次配种时间间隔长PrematureCulling过早淘汰FormulateDietsforSpecificStagesofProduction按生产阶段配制日粮Developerdietstypicallycontainhigherlevelsofvitaminsandmineralsthanthosefedtomark

4、etanimalssincethenutritionalrequirementsforgrowthandreproductionaredifferent.由于生长和繁殖期的营养需要量不同，后备母猪日粮比商品育肥猪的日粮含有更高水平的维生素和微量元素。Thehigherlevelsofvitaminsandmineralsaredesignedtoenhancebodyreservesofnutrientssincebreedinganimalswillremainintheherdforasignif

5、icantlylongerperiodthanmarketanimals.由于种猪比育肥猪饲养时间长，高水平的维生素和微量元素可以保证它们体组织营养物的储备。GiltDeveloperDiets后备母猪日粮Locomotorproblemsareacommonreasonforcullinganditisimportanttoensureadequateintakesofcalciumandphosphorus.运动问题是造成母猪淘汰的主要原因,但它对保证母猪能摄取足够的钙磷也非常重要。Several

6、researchtrialshaveindicatedthatthecalciumandphosphorusrequirementsformaximalbonemineralizationarehigherthantherequirementsformaximalgrowthrate.很多实验研究表明，猪的最大骨质矿化要比最快生长率对钙磷的需要量更高。Dietsfedtoreplacementgiltsshouldbeatleast0.1%higherincalciumandtotalphosphor

7、usthandietsfedtomarketanimalsbeginningatapproximately50kgbodyweight.从50kg体重开始，后备母猪日粮的钙磷水平比育肥猪至少要高0.1%。Inadditiontohigherlevelsofcalciumandphosphorus,thereisantidotalevidencethatsupplementingthegiltdeveloperdietwithhigherlevelsofcopper,zinc,iron,iodinean

8、dmanganesewillincreasebodyreservesofthesemineralsandmayenhancefuturereproductiveperformance.后备母猪的日粮除要求额外高水平的钙、磷之外如能再补充高水平的铜、锌、铁、碘、锰微量元素，这将有助于提高母猪体内对这些矿物质的储备从而能改善以后的繁殖表现。TypicalGiltFinisherDeveloper育肥猪后备母猪常量元素Macrominerals(Total)钙