4-Word-Formation(minor)

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1、Word-FormationTheminorprocessesInitialismsAtypeofshortening,usingthefirstlettersofwordstoformapropername,atechnicalterm,oraphrase;aninitialismispronouncedletterbyletter.AcronymsAcronymsarewordsformedfromtheinitiallettersofthenameofanorganizationorscientificterm,etc.Acronymsdi

2、fferfrominitialismsinthattheyarepronouncedaswordsratherthanassequencesofletters.ClippingTheprocessofclippinginvolvesthedeletionofoneormoresyllablesfromaword(usuallyanoun),whichisalsoavailableinitsfullform.Clippingmaybedividedintofourmaintypes:a.Backclippings:Thedeletionmayocc

3、urattheendoftheword.b.Frontclippings:Thedeletionoccursatthebeginningoftheword.c.Frontandbackclippings:Thedeletionoccursatbothendsofaword.d.Phraseclippings:Thisinvolvestheshorteningofaphrase.BlendingBlendingisaprocessofword-formationinwhichanewwordisformedbycombiningthemeaning

4、sandsoundsoftwowords,oneofwhichisnotinitsfullformorbothofwhicharenotintheirfullforms.Back-formationBack-formationistermusedtorefertoatypeofword-formationbywhichashorterwordiscoinedbythedeletionofasupposedaffixfromalongerformalreadypresentinthelanguage.WordsfromProperNamesa.Wo

5、rdsfromthenamesofscientistsb.Wordsfromthenamesofpoliticiansandstatesmenc.Wordsfromthenamesofplacesd.WordsfromtrademarksReduplicationReduplicationisaminortypeofword-formationbywhichacompoundwordiscreatedbyrepetition(1)ofoneword;(2)oftwoalmostwordswithachangeinthevowels;(3)oftw

6、oalmostidenticalwordswithachangeintheinitialconsonants.NeoclassicalFormationNeoclassicalformationdenotestheprocessbywhichnewwordsareformedfromelementsderivedfromLatinandGreek.Aknowledgeofword-formationisoneofthemosteffectiveaidstotheexpandingofone’svocabulary,andisofgreatvalu

7、eininferringword-meaning.