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1、外文翻译原文GeneticAlgorithmsfortheVehicleRoutingProblemwithTimeWindowsMaterialSource:SpecialissueonBioinformaticsandGeneticAlgorithmsAuthor:OlliBräysy1IntroductionVehicleRoutingProblems(VRP)areallaroundusinthesensethatmanyconsumerproductssuchassoftdrinks,beer,bread,snackfoods,gasolinea
2、ndpharmaceuticalsaredeliveredtoretailoutletsbyafleetoftruckswhoseoperationfitsthevehicleroutingmodel.Inpractice,theVRPhasbeenrecognizedasoneofthegreatsuccessstoriesofoperationsresearchandithasbeenstudiedwidelysincethelatefifties.Publicservicescanalsotakeadvantageofthesesystemsinor
3、dertoimprovetheirlogisticschain.Garbagecollection,ortowncleaning,takesaneverincreasingpartofthebudgetoflocalauthorities.Atypicalvehicleroutingproblemcanbedescribedastheproblemofdesigningleastcostroutesfromonedepottoasetofgeographicallyscatteredpoints(cities,stores,warehouses,schoo
4、ls,customersetc).Theroutesmustbedesignedinsuchawaythateachpointisvisitedonlyoncebyexactlyonevehicle,allroutesstartandendatthedepot,andthetotaldemandsofallpointsononeroutemustnotexceedthecapacityofthevehicle.TheVehicleRoutingProblemwithTimeWindows(VRPTW)isageneralizationoftheVRPinv
5、olvingtheaddedcomplexitythateverycustomershouldbeservedwithinagiventimewindow.AdditionalcomplexitiesencounteredintheVRPTWarelengthofrouteconstraintarisingfromdepottimewindowsandcostofwaitingtime,whichisincurredwhenavehiclearrivestooearlyatacustomerlocation.Specificexamplesofproble
6、mswithtimewindowsincludebankdeliveries,postaldeliveries,industrialrefusecollection,school-busroutingandsituationswherethecustomermust provideaccess,verification,orpaymentupondeliveryofthe productorservice[SolomonandDesrosiers,1988].Besidesbeingoneofthemostimportantproblemsofoperat
7、ionsresearchinpracticalterms,thevehicleroutingproblemisalsooneofthemostdifficultproblemstosolve.Itisquiteclosetooneofthemostfamouscombinatorialoptimizationproblems,theTravelingSalespersonProblem(TSP),whereonlyonepersonhastovisitallthecustomers.TheTSPisanNP-hardproblem.Itisbelieved
8、thatonemayneverfindacomputational
