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1、EnglishWritingWordChoiceandSentenceWritngSectionAWordChoiceI.AbriefhistoryofEnglishVocabularyStage1:5A.DGerman(日耳曼族）conquredtheBritain3tribes：Jutes,SaxonsandAnglesTheyspokeEnglisc(盎格利希语），即英语本族语（nativeEnglish)---Englisc演化于Angles,意为thelanguageofAngles.Englisc逐渐演变为English,他们所居住和生
2、活的地方被统称为Englaland(盎格拉兰，即thelandoftheAngles).后来，Englaland演变为England.这些演变大概发生在6AD和9AD之间。back第一讲AbriefhistoryofEnglishVocabularyStage2In1066,theNormandyConquest.Norman在10世纪前居住在斯堪的纳维亚的北部(northofScandinavians)，alsocalledNorthmen.10世纪，他们以海盗身份侵占法国巴黎的西北沿海一带，并在那里定居下来，这一带地方因而得名Normandy.
3、经过100年左右的繁衍生息，他们法国化，形成政治、宗教、法律制度和军事组织。1066年，NormandyconquredBritain.Frenchbecametheofficiallanguagefor300yearswhileEnglishwasonlyspokenbytheciviliansandthelow-classandLatinwasspokenatchurchesandschools.So3languagesco-existedduringthisperiod:English,FrenchandLatin.Stage315thCen
4、tury,Englishbecamethepopularlanguage.Butatthistime,manywordswerechangedinspellingandpronunciation,withplentyofwordsborrowedfromFrenchandLatin.Inlate14thcentury,GeoffreyChaucer(1340-1400)wroteTheCanterburyTalesinEnglish,whichspreadEnglishwideinEnglandandlaidfoundationformodernE
5、nglish.Attheendofthe14thcentury,Prof.JihnWycliffe(1320-1384)translatedBiblefromLatintoEnglish,advocatingtheuseofEnglishatchurch.ThreestagesofEnglishOldEnglish(AD450--1150)MiddleEnglish(1150-1500)ModernEnglish(1500--now)ModernEnglishisdividedinto2parts:EarlyModernEnglish(1500-1
6、700)andLaterModernEnglish(1700--now)SincetheeraofShakespeare,Englishvocabularyhasbeenincreasedfrom140,000wordstoaround700,000or800,000words,manyofwhichderivedfromEnglishitself.Newwords1.borrowedwords/borrowing外来词2.derivedwords/derivatives派生词3.compoundwords/compounding复合词4.blen
7、dedwords/blending融合词5.shortening/abbrieviation缩写词6.functionalshift(转类词）（功能转变法）7.initialism/acronym首字母拼凑法8.coinage创新词9.back-formation逆转词10.propername专有名词wordchoice--appropriatenessEnglishwordscanbeclassifiedinto:literary,non-literary,technicalterms,slang,cliche,etc.Differentsty
8、lesandcontextrequiredifferentwordchoices.AsChinesestudentswho
