《大学英语写作》PPT课件

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1、大学英语写作段落的写作主题句与推展句1．主题句主题句（topicsentence）是表达段落主题的句子。它用以概括段落大意，要求全段其他文字都围绕它展开。请看下例：Mymotherhaspassedalongtomecertainrulesforgettingalongwithothers.Don'targuewithparents;theywillthinkyoudon'tlovethem.Don'targuewithchildren;theywillthinkthemselvesvictimized.Don'targuewithspouses;theywill

2、thinkyouareatiresomemate.Don'targuewithstrangers;theywillthinkyouarenotfriendly.Mymother'srules,infact,canbesummedupintwowords:Don'targue.1．主题句1．1主题句的位置主题句通常放在段落的开端，其特点是开门见山地摆出问题，然后加以详细说明。例1Ourlifetodaydependsverymuchonenergy.Intownsandinvillages,onfarmsandinfactories,machineshavemade

3、lifeeasierthanitusedtobe.Themachinesuseenergy,andenergyisneededforheating,lighting,communications,carryinggoods---everything.Factoriesandindustrialplantsuseagreatdealofenergytomakethethingsthatweuseandbuyandsell.推展句主要推展句(majorsupportingstatement)的主要特点是：围绕段落主题句展开的每一个推展句本身都不要求作进一步的说明或证明

4、，句与句之间的关系是相互独立又是互相连接的。例如：(主题句)Thereareseveralfactorsaffectingclimate.(推展句1)Onefactoristhemountofsunlightreceived.(推展句2)Altitude,ortheheightabovesealevel,alsodeterminesclimate.(推展句3)Theoceanshaveaneffectontheclimateofadjacentland.(推展句4)Inaddition,climateisinfluencedbythegeneralcirculat

5、ionoftheatmosphere.次要推展句次要推展句（minorsupportingstatement）是指对主要推展句作进一步事实分析和举例说明。它从属于某一个或某几个推展句。（主题句）Idon’tteachbecauseteachingisnoteasyforme.（主要推展句1）TeachingisthemostdifficultofthevariouswaysIhaveattemptedtoearnmyliving：mechanic，carpenter，writer.（主要推展句2）Forme，teachingisared-eye，sweaty-pa

6、lm，sinking-stomachprofession.（次要推展句1）Red-eye，becauseIneverfeelreadytoteachnomatterhowlateIstayuppreparing.（次要推展句2）Sweaty-palm，becauseI’malwaysnervousbeforeIentertheclassroom，surethatIwillbefoundoutforthefoolthatIam.（次要推展句3）Sinking-stomach，becauseIleavetheclassroomanhourlaterconvincedt

7、hatIwasevenmoreboringthanusual.段落发展的几种手段1．列举法(details)作者运用列举法，是通过列举一系列的论据对topicsentence中摆出的论点进行广泛、全面地陈述或解释，列举的顺序可以按照所列各点内容的相对重要性、时间、空间等进行。YesterdayasoneofthoseawfuldaysformewheneverythingIdidwentwrong.First，Ididn’thearmyalarmclockandarrivedlateforwork.Then，Ididn’treadmydiaryproperlyan

8、dforg