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1、外文翻译原文Business-to-BusinessElectronicCommerceMaterialSource:JournalofEconomicPerspectives,2000(11)Author:DavidLucking-ReileyandDanielF.SpulberEconomicEfficiencyGainsfromIntermediationinB2BE-CommerceIntermediationandmarket-makingarecentralactivitiesinamarket-orientedeconomy,bringingbuyersands
2、ellerstogether.Intermediariescanreducetransactioncostsrelativetodirectexchange,byreducingthecostsofsearch,certifyingproductquality,mitigatingcommunicationcosts,andprovidingguaranteesforbuyerorsellercommitments(Spulber,1996,1999).Companiesactingasmarket-makersenhancetransactionefficiencybycr
3、eatinginstitutionsofexchange,adjustingandcommunicatingprices,clearingmarkets,allocatinggoods,andprovidingliquidityandimmediacy(Spulber,1998).Business-to-businesse-commerceappearslikelytotransformthetraditionalpatternsofintermediationinwayslargeandsmall.Intermediariesreducesearchcostsbyconso
4、lidatingmarkets,providingmarketinformationandofferinganassortmentofgoodsandservices,sothatbuyersobtainthecostefficiencyofone-stopshopping,ratherthanspendingtimecontactingmultiplesuppliers.Manybusiness-to-businessintermediariesseektoofferabroaderrangeofservicesincludingcommunicationofpricein
5、formationandpriceadjustment.Centralizedmarketsoftenreducetimecostsbyreplacingbilateralnegotiationwithformalbiddingmechanismsandinformationabouttransactionprices.B2Be-commercecompaniescoverawidespectrumofindustries.Companieshavebeenformedtotradeitemsfromadvertisingtoalmonds,fromlightingfixtu
6、restolaboratoryequipment,fromcattleembryostocircuitboards.Onlinemarketshavebeenestablished(oratleastannounced)foraircraftparts,agriculture,apparel,automotiveparts,chemicals,computersandelectronics,energy,financialinstruments,foodandbeverages,healthcare,intellectualproperty,freelanceservices
7、,laboratorysupplies,industrialmachinery,advertising,metals,officesupplies,plastics,paper,printingservices,telecommunications,shipping,andtravelservices.Onemarketreceivingparticularattentionhasbeenproductsformaintenance,repair,andoperations(MRO)becausemat
