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1、虚拟语气一、虚拟语气用于状语从句中1．虚拟语气用于非真实条件句条件从句主句例句与现在事实相反IfI(we,you,he,she,it,they)＋动词过去式(be的形式一律用were)I(we,you,he,she,it,they)＋would/should/could/might＋动词原形Ifhewereindoors,hewouldn'tfeelsocold.与过去事实相反IfI(we,you,he,she,it,they)had＋过去分词I(we,you,he,she,it,they)＋would/should/could/might＋havedoneIf
2、youhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldn'thavefailedintheexamination.条件从句主句例句与将来事实相反A式：If＋主语＋一般过去式B式：If＋主语＋weretodoC式：If＋主语＋shoulddoI(we,you,he,she,it,they)＋would/should/could/might＋动词原形A：Ifhewereherethisevening,wewouldplaycards.B：IfsheweretomarryJack,shewouldbehappy.C：Ifsheshouldknowit,shewoul
3、dtellme.例(2010·天津，15)—Johnwenttothehospitalalone.—Ifhe________meaboutit,Iwouldhavegonewithhim.A．shouldtellB．tellsC．toldD．hadtold解析：句意：“约翰自己去的医院。”“如果他告诉我的话，我就和他一起去了。”本题考查与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，从句用过去完成时。故D项正确。答案：D2．虚拟条件句和主句动作如发生的时间不一致，主句和从句的谓语要根据各自所指的不同时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式，这种句子叫做错综时间条件句。IfIwereyou,Iwou
4、ldn'thavemissedthefilmlastnight.如果我是你，我就不会错过昨晚那部电影了。(现在→过去)Iftheyhadlefthomeinearlymorning,theywouldarriveinhalfanhour.要是他们一大早离开家的话，再过半个小时就该到了。(过去→将来)例(2010·北京，34)—Theweatherhasbeenveryhotanddry.—Yes.Ifithadrainedevenadrop,thingswouldbemuchbetternow!Andmyvegetables______.A．wouldn'tdi
5、eB．didn'tdieC．hadn'tdiedD．wouldn'thavedied解析：句意：“天气又热又干燥。”“是的，要是稍微下点儿雨，现在的情况就会更好一些！那样我的蔬菜就不会死掉了。”由条件句中的hadrained可以推出这是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，但是主句有时间状语now，所以用了与现在事实相反的虚拟语气wouldbe；最后一句话也是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故用wouldn'thavedied。答案：D3．有时虚拟条件不用从句，而是通过上下文或用介词短语等表示出来，这种句子叫含蓄虚拟条件句。常用的介词有with,without,butfor等。B
6、utforyourhelp,wecouldn'thavesucceeded.要不是你的帮助，我们是不会成功的。Withoutelectricitylifewouldbequitedifferenttoday.如果没有电，今天的生活就会完全不同。Shewasn'tfeelingwell,otherwiseshewouldn'thaveleftthemeetingsoearly.她感到不舒服，不然她不会那么早离开会场的。例(2009·安徽)Butfortheirhelp，we________theprogramintime.A．cannotfinishB．willn
7、otfinishC．hadnotfinishedD．couldnothavefinished解析：句意：如果不是他们的帮助，我们就不能及时完成这个项目。根据句意，选用couldnothavefinished表示与过去相反。答案：D二、虚拟语气用于名词性从句1．用于wish后的宾语从句中与现在事实相反，用were或动词的过去式；与过去事实相反，用had＋过去分词或would/couldhavedone；表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，用would/should/could/might＋动词原形。Iwishshewerehere.她在这儿就好了。Iwishyo
8、uwouldgowith
